棉属三染色体组(A、D、G)杂种的细胞遗传学研究  

Studies on the Cytogenetics of Hybrid with Triple Genomes ( A, D, G) in Gossypium

作　　者：孙黛珍[1] 王曙光[1] 董俊梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《棉花学报》2001年第4期204-208,共5页Cotton Science

基　　金：山西省自然基金

摘　　要：对棉属 A、D、G三个染色体组合成的三元杂种 [陆地棉× (亚洲棉×比克氏棉 ) ]及反交和回交后代 ,四元杂种 [(亚洲棉×比克氏棉 )× (陆地棉×夏威夷棉 ) ]进行了细胞学研究。结果表明 ,三元杂种 F1以及回交后代 BC4 F1分离出的不育株、四元杂种 F1不育的主要原因是花粉母细胞减数分裂异常 ,主要表现为 :大部分染色体为单价体 ,仅有少量配对成二价体 ,后期 两极分配不均匀 ,出现多极分离现象 ,并有落后染色体出现。末期出现大量多分孢子和不正常的四分孢子 ,从而不能形成正常的花粉粒。三元杂种回交后代 BC4 F1中的部分可育型 ,花粉母细胞进行减数分裂时 ,大部分染色体都能联会配对 ,仅个别为单价体 ,因而形成的花粉粒仅部分正常。 BC4 F1的可育型花粉母细胞进行减数分裂时 ,染色体配对正常 ,表明育性恢复 ,结实正常。此外 ,四元杂种花粉母细胞进行减数分裂时 ,在后期 形成了染色体“桥”The meiosic chromosome behavior of pollen mother cells of the trispecific hybrid [G.hirsutum × (G.arboreum×G.bickii)] and its reciprocal cross,as well as their backcross progenies, of the quardrispecific hybrid with A, D, G genomes were studied. The main results were as follows: the sterile cause of F 1 and of sterile materials BC 4F 1 in the trispecific hybrids, of the quardrispecific hybrid was that the meiosis of pollen mother cells was abnomal, there were many univalents and only a few bivalents were formed. In anaphase Ⅰ, chromosomes seperated to several directions and formed many backward chromosomes. In telophase Ⅱ, multispores appeared, so fertile pollens could not be formed. In semisterile materials of BC 4F 1, the chromosomes could pair mostly in meiosis, only a few could not. In fertile plants of BC 4F 1, the chromosomes could pair normally in meiosis and normal pollen grains were formed, the fertility was recovered. Besides, pollen mother cells of the quardrispecific hybrid F 1 during meiosis, chromosome “bridge” was observed in telophase Ⅰ.

关 键 词：棉属 染色体组 三元杂种 四元杂种 细胞遗传学 种子腺体 植株有腺体 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]