三种马鸡的核型及染色体G-带带型  

KARYOTYPES AND G BANDING PATTERNS OF THREE EARED PHEASANT (CROSSOPTILON) SPECIES

作　　者：石兴娣[1] 张正旺[1] 刘凌云[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《动物学报》2001年第3期280-284,T001,T002,共7页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目 (No .3 983 0 0 3 0 );国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No .3 95 70 10 3 )&&

摘　　要：采用外周血淋巴细胞培养和NaOH显带的方法制备了白马鸡、蓝马鸡和褐马鸡的核型与染色体G 带带型。结果表明 :3种马鸡的核型基本相同 ,2n =82 ,有 7对大染色体 ,其余为微小染色体 ;Z染色体为第 4对大染色体 ,W染色体的长度介于第 6、 7对大染色体之间 ;除第 1对大染色体为m型、Z染色体为sm型外 ,其余的染色体均为t型。 3种马鸡染色体G 带带型表现出较明显的差异 ,7对大染色体中 ,有 6对大染色体的G 带带型有差异。利用数值分类学方法计算 3种马鸡G 带带型的相似性系数并进行聚类分析 ,结果表明 ,蓝马鸡与褐马鸡亲缘关系较近 ,二者与白马鸡的亲缘关系较远。The eared pheasants ( Crossoptilon ) from a genus endemic to China, which consists of four species: white eared pheasant ( C. crossoptilon ), Tibetan eared pheasant ( C. harmani ), blue eared pheasant ( C. auritum ) and brown eared pheasant ( C. mantchuricum ). These species are listed as the national protected species of China. However the phylogenetic relationship among C. crossoptilon, C. auritum and C. mantchuricum remains unclear. In this paper, we used cytogenetic method to study phylogenetion relationship of the three species. Chromosome preparations were made from PHA stimulated peripheral lymphocytes by standard techniques and chromosome G banding patterns were obtained with the NaOH method. The karyotype analysis consisted of comparisons of diploid numbers and the locations of the centromeres on each chromosome. The results showed that the karyotypes of the three species were identical to each other. All three species had a diploid number of 82, with seven pairs of macrochromosomes including the sex chromosomes and 34 pairs of microchromosomes. There was no sharply demarcated boundary between macro and microchromosomes. Sex chromosomes were heteromorphic, males are homogametic with the sex chromosome constitution ZZ, while females were heterogametic with ZW sex chromosomes. The Z chromosome was the forth longest of all chromosomes. Ranked 6 th or 7 th in length, W chromosome was much shorter than the Z, Of these macrochromosomes, the first pair of chromosomes was metacentric and the Z chromosome was submetacentric, whereas the others were centromere telocentric. Analysis of G banding patterns for the macrochromosomes of the three species indicated that the band patterns of Z chromosomes were very similar while the other six pairs were quite different in the three species. The telocentric W chromosomes was highly heterochromatic. After quantifying G banding patterns, we calculated the similarity coefficients and made a cluster analysis of the three specie

关 键 词：马鸡属 核型 G-带带型 亲缘关系 聚类分析 染色体 

分 类 号：Q343[生物学—遗传学]