西安地区的地热水开采与诱发地震关系的研究  

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOTHERMAL EXPLOITATION AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN XI′AN REGION

作　　者：吴富春[1] 宋立胜 朱兴国 王锋[1] 景北科[1] 董星宏[1] 方炜[1] 左永青 

机构地区：[1]陕西省地震局,中国西安710068 [2]陕西省滑坡办公室,中国西安710068 [3]西安市矿管办公室,中国西安710063

出　　处：《地震学报》2001年第4期407-412,共6页Acta Seismologica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省滑坡办公室和陕西省减灾协会资助项目

摘　　要：通过对国内外众多震例的分析 ,发现了向深井抽 (注 )水 (液体 )诱发地震的一些普遍规律 :诱发地震的震中在井位附近 ,震级小 ,震源浅且多为主余震型或震群型 ,绝少有孤立型地震发生 ;诱发地震的多少和大小与抽 (注 )水的压力和数量相关 ;诱发地震一般在钻井时注入泥浆、洗井时注入高压清水或正常的地下水开采等 3种情况时马上发生 ,或滞后 1～ 2 0天发生 .1 990年以来西安地区大量开采地下热水 ,采水量逐年增多 ,水位逐年下降且具有夏高冬低等特征 .西安地区的地震多为孤立型 ,震源都在 1 0 km以下 ,且多分布在西安外围地区 ,井群较密的城郊区鲜有地震发生 ;地震的频次和能量的释放与西安地区的地热水开采量和水位变化无明显的关系 .因此 ,西安地区的地热水开采并未诱发西安及其周围地区的地震 .Based on the analysis of the induced earthquakes in China and abroad, we get some ideas about earthquakes induced by pumping water out of a well or injecting water into a well. The induced earthquakes usually occur near the well, and they are generally small earthquakes. The earthquake sources are shallow, and they belong to the main shock-after shock type of earthquake or the swarm-type of earthquake. The magnitude and the quantity of the induced earthquakes obviously depend on the pressure and the quantity of water pumped or injected. These earthquakes happen as soon as pumping or injecting occurrence, or after ten or twenty days, they may occur at the time of injecting mud or injecting high pressure water when a well is being drilled, or at the time when the ground water is being normally exploited. A large quantity of hot water has been exploited since 1990 in Xi(an, and the quantity of water exploited has been increasing year by year, as a result the groundwater level has been dropping with the water pumped out and the water level is high in summer and low in winter. The earthquakes in Xi(an region belong to the solitary-type and they spread outside Xi(an city where the wells are concentrated but no earthquake happens. The seismic frequency and the energy released have no relation with the quantity of water exploitation or the water level in the well. It is considered that geothermal exploitation does not induce earthquakes in and around Xi(an because of its specially geological condition.

关 键 词：地热水开采 诱发地震 相关关系 西安地区 采水量 频次 能量 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]