几类异质小麦雄性不育系育性恢复性的细胞遗传学研究  

The Cytogenetical Studies of Fertility Restoration of Some Male Sterile Lines of Alloplasmic Wheat

作　　者：乔利仙[1] 张改生[1] 王小利[1] 刘宏伟[1] 王军卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》2001年第7期647-654,T001,共9页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:39970454); 杨陵示范区专项基金资助项目

摘　　要：系统调查了４类异质（粘果、易变、偏凸、二角山羊草细胞质）１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ、非１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ小麦雄性不育系与其恢复系杂种 Ｆ１减数分裂中期 １出现单价体细胞频率，以及后期 １出现落后染色体和染色体桥细胞频率，并对中、后期染色体变异率与杂种Ｆ１自交结实率进行了相关分析。结果表明：（１）１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ型杂种在中期１、后期１染色体变异率要明显高于非１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ杂种；（２）４类异源细胞质在非１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ杂种中有着明显提高单价体细胞频率的作用；（３）在１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ杂种中，１Ｂ·１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ杂合核型染色体联会松弛，对单价体频率的影响远大于异源细胞质的影响；（４）１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ型杂种自交结实率与中期出现单价体细胞频率不直接相关，而与后期出现落后染色体和染色体桥细胞的频率呈高度负相关；（５）非１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ型杂种在减数分裂中、后期染色体行为相对稳定，易恢复且恢复度高，很有实际利用价值。The frequency of cells with univalent (FCU) at MI and with lagging chromosomes and chromosomal bridge (FCLB) at A I in PMC of F1 hybrids of 4 alloplasmic 1BL: / 1RS and non-1BL / 1RS wheat male sterile lines with Aegilops kotschyi,Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. bicornis cytoplasms were systematically investigated,and the relationship between FCU at M I, FCLB at A I and F1 selfed seed set was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The frequency of abnormal chromosomes at M I and A I was higher in 1BL/ 1RS hybrids than in non-1BL/ 1RS hybrids; (2) 4 alien cytoplasms had positive effects on the FCU at M I in non-1BL/ 1RS hybrids; (3) The effect of 1B. 1BL / 1RS hetero-nucleus on meiosis was more obvious than that of alien cytoplasms in 1BL/1RS hybrids; (4) The selfed seed set of 1BL/ 1RS hybrids was not correlated to FCU, but was negatively correlated to FCLB; (5) The chromosomes' deeds at meiosis was more steady in non-1BL / 1RS hybrids than in 1BL/1RS hybrids. The non-1BL/RS hybrids were easy to restore and restoring degree was high, and they had good prospects to be used.

关 键 词：小麦 雄性不育系 育性恢复性 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]