元谋古猿下颌臼齿三维立体特征  

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF HOMINOID LOWER MOLARS FROM YUANMOU OF YUNNAN PROVINCE,CHINA

作　　者：刘武[1] 郑良 Alan Walker 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]云南省文物考古研究所,昆明650118 [3]The Pennsylvania State University

出　　处：《人类学学报》2001年第3期163-177,共15页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院留学基金;国家"九五"攀登专项(95-专-01);国家自然科学基金(49972011)资助

摘　　要：采用欧氏距离矩阵分析 (EDMA)方法对 72枚元谋古猿及作为对比样本的 10枚禄丰古猿、现生大猿类和人类下颌臼齿齿冠 13个测量标志点三维测量数据的统计分析显示 :元谋古猿在下颌臼齿齿冠三维形态测量特征上与禄丰古猿最为接近。与现生大猿类及人类相比 ,元谋古猿和禄丰古猿均与人类之间呈现出非常显著的差异 ,而与猿类较为接近。它们两者及现生大猿类均与人类之间具有许多共同的差异表现特点。元谋古猿在下颌臼齿三维测量特征方面与三种现生大猿类各自之间的差别表现相似。其中 ,元谋古猿与猩猩之间在牙齿形态特征上似乎更为接近。Introduction Among the four Miocene hominoid sites of Kaiyuan, Lufeng, Yuanmou and Baoshan in Yunnan Province of China, Lufeng and Yuanmou are the richest fossil sites. Yuanmou hominoid was found in 1986. The exvacation and collection in the past years have accumulated a big fossil collection including cranium, maxilla, mandibles and more than 1000 isolated teeth. In the past decade, some colleagues described the morphology of bone and teeth of Yuanmou hominoid. However, till now, the studies of Yuanmou hominoid fossils are not enough in both depth and breadth. The research methods are also limited. Many key problems concerning with fossil traits, variations, the relationship with other Miocene hominoids, phylogenetic status in evolution and the possible role in early hominid origins are not clear. Although the studies of geological dating and paleoenvironment for Yuanmou site are still in progress, it is usually thought that the living period for Yuanmou hominoid are closer to that of Lufengpithecus, indicating that in both geographical distribution and living time, Yuanmou hominoid and Lufengpithecus are very similar. The studies of fossil specimens also reveal that the morphological patterns of Yuanmou and Lufeng are very close. From this point, the further studies of Yuanmou hominoid fossils will be important in the relationship of fossil morphology and evolution, and for the study of the role of Asian Miocene hominoids in hominoid evolution. In recent years, EDMA(Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis) has been gradually used to the fossil studies, especially the 2D and 3D studies of dental traits. The present authors also used this method doing 2D morphometric study of Yuanmou lower molars. In present study, 3D morphometric measurements and EDMA statistical analyses will be used to the lower molars of Yuanmou hominoid, Lufengpithecus, extant great ape and humans. 2 Material and methods 72 Yuanmou hominoid teeth with no wear were chosen in present study for landmark measurements. Lufeng

关 键 词：元谋古猿 禄丰古猿 形态测量 三维分析 欧氏距离矩阵分析(EDMA) 

分 类 号：Q981.3[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]