化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物多样性的影响  

Effect of chemical insecticides on the diversity of arthropods in vegetable fields

作　　者：侯有明[1] 庞雄飞[2] 梁广文[2] 尤民生[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植保学院,福州350002 [2]华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第8期1262-1268,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家博士点基金 (960 5 0 1 );广东省自然科学基金 (980 1 3 5 );福建省科委基金 (97-Z-2 2 0 )等资助项目

摘　　要：分析了化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物结构组成、多样性变化等的影响 ,结果表明化学杀虫剂对菜田节肢动物的影响主要表现在物种组成、多样性指数及物种分布的均匀性等方面 ,尤其是对害虫类、捕食性天敌和蜘蛛类的影响尤为明显。停止化学杀虫剂使用后 ,菜田优势害虫种群趋势指数降低 ,天敌的控制作用明显增强 ,节肢动物多样性指数增大。因此 ,限制和停止化学杀虫剂的使用 ,恢复由于杀虫剂使用而破坏了的菜田环境 ,逐步增强天敌对优势害虫的控制能力 。The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropods in various vegetable fields were studied. The results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in vegetable fields was reflected from the species structure, the diversity index and the distributive evenness of species. Components of arthropod species fluctuated closely with the insect pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders. Without chemical insecticides in vegetable fields, the index of population trend (I) of dominant insect pest decreased greatly, the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests increased, the diversity index of arthropod increased at the same time. Thus, limited use of chemical insecticides, resumed the environment of vegetable fields destroyed by application of chemical insecticides, escalation of the control ability of natural enemies to main insect pest would play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields.

关 键 词：菜田 化学杀虫剂 节肢动物 多样性 

分 类 号：S436.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S181[农业科学—植物保护]