上海市1~6岁儿童睡眠状况的流行病学研究  

An epidemiological study on sleep characteristics and sleep disorders in children from 1 to 6 years of age in Shanghai

作　　者：江帆[1] 颜崇淮[1] 吴胜虎[1] 吴虹[2] 章依文[2] 赵晶[2] 金星明[2] 李纫秋[1] 沈晓明[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市儿科医学研究所环境医学研究室,200092 [2]上海第二医科大学附属儿童医学中心儿保科 [3]上海第二医科大学附属新华医院

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》2001年第5期284-288,共5页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：上海市科委重点项目基金资助(994119012)

摘　　要：目的　了解上海市学龄前儿童的睡眠状况及其相关因素。方法　 1999年 8月～ 9月间在上海 5个行政区随机抽取 1812名 1～ 6岁儿童 ,由专人负责对其家长进行儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠健康问卷调查。结果　上海市 2岁组和 3岁组儿童的平均睡眠时间分别为 11 78h和 11 6 5h ,均明显低于国外同龄儿童的平均睡眠时间需要量 13h和 12h。 2～ 5岁各年龄段儿童夜间睡眠所占的比例也明显低于相应标准。睡眠障碍的发生率为 46 97% ,明显高于国外 0 2 %～ 10 %的标准。其中梦游的发生率为 1 93%、梦呓的发生率为 2 4 83%、鼾症的发生率为 16 84%、磨牙的发生率为 19 0 0 %、大于 5岁的儿童遗尿的发生率为 4 2 9%、梦魇及夜惊的发生率为 12 14%。影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素有抚养人的睡觉时间少、孩子的脾气暴躁、与父母同睡等 ,而睡眠障碍发生的主要危险因素有父母中有睡眠障碍的存在、孩子脾气暴躁、经常更换抚养人、父亲情绪低落等。结论　目前上海地区儿童睡眠状况令人担忧 ,具体表现在睡眠时间普遍不足。Objective A series of studies have been conducted to investigate children′s sleep condition abroad, but there is no large solid data on children′s sleep condition in China This study was performed to evaluate age specific sleep characteristics and the presence of sleep disorders of pre school children in Shanghai, and to identify related factors for sleep characteristics and its disorders Methods The questionnaire about children′s social environment and sleep condition was based on children′s sleep physiological characteristics and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders The questionnaire consisted of four parts: children′s sleep condition; parents′ sleep condition; children′s health status and children′s social environment In order to test the validation, 39 parents of the children were given the questionnaires, and 3 weeks later they were asked to complete the same questionnaire again The results were analyzed by the Spearmen correlative analysis After that,1 812 children at the age of 1 6 years randomly selected among the 5 districts (Xuhui district, Jin′an district, Yangpu district, Jiading district and Chongming county) in Shanghai were administered the questionnaires about children′s sleep and their social environment All of those children ready to go kindergarden were from 1 year and 4 months old to 6 years and 6 months old, among whom 906 were boys, and the others were girls All the data were analyzed by SAS Results The Spearmen correlative coefficient of the test/retest was from 0 915 5 to 1 000 0 The mean time of total sleep time and the rate of the nighttime sleep in 2 years old children were( 11 78±0 06) hours and 83 13%, respectively, 3 years old (11 65±0 03) hours and 83 96%, respectively, 4 years old (11 57±0 05) hours and 85 74%, respectively, and 5 years old (11 29±0 08) hours and 87 62%, respectively The mean of total sleep of both 2 years and 3 years children were remarkably shorter compared with the typical sleep

关 键 词：儿童 睡眠 睡眠障碍 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]