宁南半干旱偏旱区施肥对旱作春小麦田水分动态与平衡的影响  

Effect of Fertilization on Water Dynamic and Balance of Spring Wheat Field in Semiarid Prone to Drought Area of South Ningxia

作　　者：李军[1] 王立祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2001年第3期55-59,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关项目 (96 -0 0 4-0 4-0 9)

摘　　要：1997～ 1999年在宁南半干旱偏旱区宁南 (海原 )旱农试区设置了旱作春小麦田水分时空动态与平衡观测试验。试验结果表明 ,在春小麦生长期内 ,从播种到成熟 2 m土层土壤含水率呈下降趋势 ,不同肥力处理水分变化动态差异不显著 ,但抽穗至成熟期施肥处理土壤含水率较低 ,说明施肥能促进水分的利用 ;不同年份 2 m土层水分含量差异明显 ,但生长期内水分变化动态趋势相似 ;生长期间 0～ 2 0 cm和 2 0～ 80 cm土层含水率变化剧烈 ,不同肥力处理之间差异不大 ,80 cm以下土层含水率相对稳定 ;春小麦生长期降水量 163.7mm,需水量 42 9.1cm,实际耗水量平均 30 1.1mm,水分亏缺 12 8.8mm,水分满足率为 70 .2 % ,不同肥力处理之间差异不明显 ;因为 1998～ 1999年试验中有冬灌 ,真正旱地水分亏缺量达 2 0 0 m m以上 ,水分满足率约为 5 0 %。The field experiment of water dynamic and balance of spring wheat in semiarid prone to drought area of south Ningxia was carried out for 1997 to 1999 at state dryland agricultural experiment station of south Ningxia. The results of experiments showed that the soil water content of 2 m soil layer decreased from sowing to harvesting date, there was a little difference of the soil water content change with different fertilizer treatments, but fertilizer could increase wheat water uptake in heading to harvesting period; There were great differences of 2 m soil water ration changes in different years with similar trends; There were remarkable changes of the soil water content in 0～20 cm and 20～80 cm soil layers with different fertilizer treatments and relative small changes of soil water content below 80 cm soil layer in spring wheat growth period; The average rainfall and water demand amounts in spring wheat growth period were 163.7 mm and 429.1 mm, respectively, actual water loss amount was only 301.1 mm with 128.8 mm water shortage, and the soil water content ratio was 70.2% only with a little effect on field water balance by different fertilizer treatments. But because irrigation were used in the experiments for 1998 to 1999, actual water shortage was over 200 mm and water content ratio was about 50% in real dryland.

关 键 词：半干旱偏旱区 旱作 春小麦 水分动态 水分平衡 施肥 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学] S152.7