内蒙古大针茅草原草地生产力及其可持续利用研究Ⅰ.放牧系统植物地上现存量动态研究  

Stipa grandis grassland productivity and utilization in Inner Mongolia: Ⅰ. Dynamics of standing crop of pastures in grazing system

作　　者：安渊[1] 李博[2] 扬持[2] 徐柱[3] 阎志坚[1] 韩国栋[4] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农学院植科系,上海201101 [2]内蒙古大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《草业学报》2001年第2期22-27,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科委"九五"攻关项目!(96 - 0 16 - 0 1) ;国家重大自然科学基金项目!(39899370 - 0 6 );农业部草地资源与生态实验室的资助

摘　　要：1998～ 1999年对不同放牧强度下内蒙古大针茅草原地上现存量进行了研究。结果表明 ,草地的现存量与牧草的生长速率和采食量密切相关。牧草生长旺盛 ,草地现存量相对较高 ,随放牧期的延长表现出明显的单峰型季节动态 ,其季节高峰与牧草生长高峰同步 ;牧草生长缓慢 ,草地的现存量随放牧期的延长 ,呈现较低峰值的单峰型或下降的趋势 ,现存量较低 ;不同放牧强度对草群及优势种大针茅和羊草的地上现存量有显著的作用 (P <0 .0 5) ,重度放牧下的草群、大针茅和羊草的地上现存量明显低于其它放牧强度 (P <0 .0 1) ;而不同放牧强度对伴生种如柴胡、寸草苔、　草和糙隐子草地上现存量的作用则取决于牧草的生长速率 ;地上现存量过高对丛生型禾草大针茅翌年返青及春季的生长起阻碍作用 ,进而 ,影响草群的生长量 ;现存量太低 ,影响牧草的生长发育和植物群落的组成 ,会造成草地的退化和家畜冬季的牧草供应不足。A study on standing crop of pastures in Stipa grandis grassland was carried out in Inner Mongolia during 1998～1999. It was shown that the standing crop was highly correlated with the growth rate of pastures and the grazing rate by animals. With a high growth rate of pastures, the quantity of standing crop was large and its seasonal changes were characterized with a single peak curve. The grazing intensity had a significant effect on the standing crop (P<0.05). Under heavy grazing,the standing crop of Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis could be seriously lowered. A too large amount of standing crop would hamper the re growth of Stipa pastures in spring, while a too small amount of standing crop would cause deterioration of the grassland.

关 键 词：放牧强度 地上现存量 大针茅草原 草地生产力 放牧系统 可持续利用 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]