黑龙江省HIV经输血传播控制综合干预措施和效果评价  

Integrated interventions for HIV transmission by blood transfusion in Heilongjiang province and evaluation of their effec-tiveness

作　　者：白立石[1] 刘彦成[1] 李秀文[1] 吴玉华[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省卫生防疫站,哈尔滨市150036

出　　处：《中国性病艾滋病防治》2001年第2期84-86,共3页Chinese Journal of Std & Aids Prevention and Control

摘　　要：目的 建立HIV经输血传播干预模式,防止HIV进入临床用血。方法 选择基本状况相似的两个地市级中心血站,分别进行综合干预和作为对照。干预的内容包括:（1）进行健康教育,宣传AIDS/HIV知识和个人预防HIV感染的措施方法;（2）在干预血站中建立标准化HIV抗体检测实验室,对检验人员进行培训,建立标准操作程序,完善质量保证和质量控制系统;（3）通过积极的宣传运动推动公民义务献血的开展,彻底废除有偿献血。干预项目分三步进行,即基线调查、干预实施阶段和干预效果评价。结果 经过5个月的综合干预后,在干预人群中,对HIV传播途径的知晓率从37.8％提高到87％,对HIV预防知识的知晓率从7％提高到90％,性接触从4％降至1％,而对照组却基本没有提高。对血站HIV抗体检测质控方面,干预血站对10份HIV抗体检测质控考核样品的检测符合率从干预前的80％上升为100％。对照组血站从干预前的80％上升到90％,仍残留10％检测错误率。对两血站HIV抗体初筛检测合格的样品抽取30％进行复检的结果看,干预组的假阴性率从干预前的0.5％降为0,而对照组从检测前的0.4％降为 0.2％,即仍有假阴性样品的存在。在义务献血方面,干预血站义务献血占总采血量的百分比从干预前的85％提高到干预后的100％。对照组从87％提高到93％。结论Objective: Two blood centers were chosen as the intervention group and the control group respectively. Methods: Interventions were conducted in blood donors in the following three aspects: 1) Carry out health education to spread HIV/AIDS knowledge and prevention methods, so as to decrease the level of high risk behaviors; 2) Improve accuracy of screening HIV antibody tests by training personnel and establishing standard laboratory procedure and applying SOP system, etc; 3) Advocate voluntary blood donation. The final aim was to prevent HIV from entering the clinical blood supply system and prevent HIV spread by blood transfusion. The interventions were completed in three steps. The first step was to conduct baseline survey; the second step was to pursue intervention activities in the three aspects mentioned above; the third step was to repeat the baseline survey and compare with each other to assess the effectiveness of invterventions. Results: Alter 5 - month interventions, an obvious improvement was observed in the intervention group. In health educcation, the awareness rate for knowledge about HIV transmission route was enhanced from 37.8% to 87%, the awareness rate for HIV prevention methods rose from 7% to 90% , and the rate of risk behavior experienced some decrease. At he same time all the indexes remained basically at the same level in the control group. In respect to intervention for accuracy of HIV - antibody tests, the compliance rate for 10 standard HIV samples was enhanced from 80% to 100% in the intervention group, while the rate was 80% to 90% in the control group. In repeated tests for 30% of the negative samples collected from the two blood centers, the false negative rate was decreased from 0.5% to 0% after interventions, while in the control group it was from 0.4% to 0.2% . In respect to promoting voluntary blood doantion, the percentage of voluntary blood donation was enhanced from 85% to 100% in the intervention group, while in the control group it was from 87% to 93% . Conclusion: We, theref

关 键 词：HIV 干预 抗体检测 义务献血 健康教育 艾滋病 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学] R457.1[医药卫生—临床医学]