基于GIS的淤泥质潮滩侵蚀堆积空间分析  

The Spatial Analysis of Erosion and Deposition of Tidal-Flat by GIS

作　　者：李恒鹏[1] 杨桂山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《地理学报》2001年第3期278-286,共9页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目!(编号 :4 9871 0 76);中国科学院"九五"重点项目! (编号 :KZ952 -J1 -0 1 0 )&&

摘　　要：通过野外滩地长期水准详测资料 ,利用地理信息系统的 GRID和 TIN模块产生潮滩高程、坡度、二维剖面、侵蚀与堆积分布图 ,并获取测点所在位置的高程、坡度和侵蚀量。对获取的数据及空间分布图进行分析 ,结果表明 :侵蚀主要发生在 - 7m以上的岸坡和潮滩 ,堆积主要出现于广阔的深水岸坡和部分高滩 ,侵蚀速率以滩前深槽岸坡最快 ,年侵蚀率达 1 7.9cm/a,并呈加速趋势 ,海岸线向陆后退速率为 31 m/a,侵蚀、堆积的闭合深度约为 - 9.5m。空间分布表现为自北而南的 3个明显分带 ,即潮滩轻微侵蚀区 ,滩前深槽岸坡强烈侵蚀区和深水岸坡缓积区 ,东西向比较 ,东部。To study the distribution of erosions and deposition in Fengxian tidal flat, the elevation of tidal flat were measured in 9 years The elevation data in 1999 and 1998 were digitized to get point distribution map The Beijing Projection was used Interpolating elevation and slope analysis to point elevation were finished by using the Grid and Tin (Triangular Irregular Network) modulus of Vertical Mapper1 5 software, which generated the topographic and slope maps of 1999 and 1998 The project and cell length of the two maps identical Length of per grid is 0 05 km In the environment of Vertical Mapper1 5, the 1998's topographic grid subtracted the 1990's topographic grid to acquire the grid and contour maps of erosion and disposition between 1990 to 1998 Then overlaying the erosion disposition grid map and slope grid with the point distribution map, profile location map and standard tidal level location map, the erosion disposition amount and slope value of point measured, the data of profile and the shoreline change map were acquired Based on the analyses of the erosion deposition amount, slope value, coastal profile, erosion deposition distribution, shoreline change, the erosion deposition features of Fengxian tidal flat are classified as follows: 1 Three belts from north to south are divided, that is, slight eroding belt of tidal flat, severe eroding belt with steep slope and slight deposited belt between -7 and -9 5 Due to eroding, the elevation of high tide will decrease and even disappear, and the steep slope is approaching toward the shoreline The landward retreat of MLTL is at a rate of 31 m/a The feature of erosion deposition distribution from west to east is that the tidal flat of the east and the central sections are eroded more severely than the west At present, there is no high tidal flat in the east 2 On the tidal flat above MTL(the mean tide level), there are erosion area and deposition area, but are mainly erosion areas The mean erosion velocity of this

关 键 词：地理信息系统 空间分析 数字高程模型 GIS 海岸侵蚀 淤泥质潮滩 堆积 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质] P208[天文地球—海洋科学]