土壤多样性及其测度——以海南岛不同母岩上发育的土壤为例  

Pedodiversity and Its Measurement——A case study from Hainan Province focused on parent rock-dependent soil variability

作　　者：陈杰[1] 张学雷[1] 赵文君[1] 张甘霖[1] 骆国保[1] 赵玉国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《地理科学》2001年第2期145-151,共7页Scientia Geographica Sinica

摘　　要：利用多样性理论与测度方法对我国海南岛地区不同母岩上发育土壤的类型多样性及其分布模式进行定量化分析和研究 ,结果表明 :发育于不同类型母岩上的土壤多样性指数从大到小依次为火成岩、沉积岩、松散沉积物和变质岩 ,其中以发育在滨海堆积物上的土壤的多样性指数最高 ,发育于流纹岩上的最低 ;Spatial soil variation is a fundamental notion of pedology, formally expressed in the hierarchical system of soil taxonomy and soil associations. Recently, a possible approach to systematically analyze taxonomic diversity of pedosphere by methods employed in ecological studies was presented, drawing a parallel with the concept of biodiversity in ecology. By introducing diversity concept and its measurement methodology, the padeotaxa diversity of the soils developed on different kinds parent rocks in Hainan Province was analyzed on the basis of data complied in 1∶ 200 000 SOTER database. Here, proportional abundance (Shannon Index) of pedotaxa were used to estimate diversity in terms of richness (number of taxonomic categories: main soil groups) and evenness (distribution of pedotaxa by areal abundance). The results show that peoddiversity of the soils developed on the different parent rocks followed such a sequence: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, loose sediments and metamorphic rocks (with diversity indices 2.02, 1.65, 1.25 and 0.96 respectively), while of all kinds of rocks, the highest diversity index was measured in the soils developed on seashore accumulations (with the value 1.99), and the lowest on rhyolitic rocks (with the value 0.42). Furthermore, the relationships between areas of parent rocks and richness, pedodiversity, evenness of the soils developed were discussed for a better understanding of the so called area diversity effect. Besides, the algorithms of object abundance model employed in ecological study were introduced to demonstrate distribution model of the soils. It was indicated that the area distributions of the soils developed on different kinds of rocks, at various degrees, seemed to fit the logarithmic normal distribution model. Although the most of the conclusions drawn from this case study concerning soil richness, diversity and distribution at a moderate scale were axiomatic or already known from general soil concepts and models, as an innovative metho

关 键 词：多样性 SHANNON-WIENER指数 分布模型 土壤类型 母岩 火成岩 沉积岩 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]