γ射线通过两类火成岩石材的衰减和散射(英文)  

ATTENUATION AND SCATTERING OF GAMMA-RAY THROUGH ANDESITE AND FELSITE

作　　者：马赫茂德 阿尔米亚 

机构地区：[1]南谷大学理学院物理系

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2001年第2期81-91,共11页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

摘　　要：由于发射γ射线的同位素在工业、农业和医学上许多新的应用 ,研究γ射线与物质相互作用变得日趋重要。定量研究了两类火成岩石材料 :安山岩和霏细岩对γ射线的屏蔽效果。分别对天然的 (整块割制 )和 (碎粒经 )人工压制的石材样品 ,采用能量在 0 36 - 1 33MeV范围的γ射线 ,测量了样品的岩粒粗细 (石英颗粒直径 )、石材厚度d(mm)和密度ρ诸因素对石材料吸收γ射线的线性衰减系数 μ、质量衰减系数 μ/ρ ,以及边缘散射系数 s3个主要参数的影响。确定了在石材样品中射线的通量分布和半吸收层厚度X1/2 。结果发现 :石材的线性衰减系数 μ对厚度d和γ射线能量E都有反比关系 ,而 μ与样品密度ρ有正比关系 ;另一方面 ,石材样品的边缘散射系数 s 却正比于d和E ,而 s 反比于ρ。The study of gamma-ray interactions with matter is increasingly important primarily due to new applications of gamma-emitting isotopes in agriculture, medicine and industry. Two igneous rocks, andesite and felsite, are investigated for radiation shields. The effects of particle size (grain diameter) d mm and sample density ρ on the linear μ,mass μ/ρ attenuation coefficients and side scattering coefficients \-s of compressed and natural rocks has been studied with gamma radiation energy E ranging from 0.36 to 1.33 MeV. Flux distribution in samples and the halfvalue layers X\-\{1/2\} were determined. The resuts showed an inverse proportionality between the linear attenuation coefficient μ and bo t h d and E . It was also found that μ has a direct proportionality with the sample density ρ . The side scattering coefficient \-s is directly proportional to both d and E , but at the same time \-s has an inverse proportionality with the sample density ρ .

关 键 词：Γ射线 物质 相互作用 火成岩 石材 安山岩 霏细岩 通量 半吸收层 线性衰减系数 质量衰减系数 边缘散射系数 

分 类 号：O571.33[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理] O571.323[理学—物理]