大井古铜矿冶炼技术及产品特征初探  

SMELTING TECHNOLOGY OF DAJING ANCIENT COPPER MINING AND SMELTING SITE IN CHIFENG(INNER MONGOLIA REGION)

作　　者：李延祥[1] 王兆文[2] 王连伟[1] 韩汝玢[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金学院,北京100083 [2]东北大学,沈阳110006

出　　处：《有色金属》2001年第3期92-96,共5页Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 5 0 0 740 0 9)

摘　　要：大井古铜矿以石器大规模开采铜锡砷银共生矿石 ,经过焙烧后直接冶炼成含银等成分的铜锡砷三元合金。发掘和年代测定显示大井古铜矿至迟在夏家店上层文化时期就已经得到开发。Dajing site,located at N43°40′20″～43°42′25″,E118°18′～118°20′ and dated back to 3000BP,is the first copper mining and smelting ruin excavated in China,and the only site in the world that mined and smelted coexisting ores to produce bronze 47 mining pits with about 1500 stone tools were found and collected in an area of 2 5km 2 The total copper amount of ancient mining was estimated about 4000t Excavations including fragments of sulfide ore,slag and furnace wall have been examined by SEM and chemical analyses The results show that the chalcopyrite containing cassiterite and arsenopyrite was dead roasted and then put into smelting Compositions of the slag attached to furnace wall contain(%):Cu0 82%～2 75%,Sn1 29～4 89,As0 17～1 40,FeO 39 3～46 4,Al 2O 3 6 1～13 4,SiO 2 26 7～36 4,CaO 2 8～8 54,Ag 84～860(g/t) Many prills in the slag show that the final product was Cu-Sn-As alloy contained exceptionally high contents of silver,antimony and bismuth It was suggested that Dajing site belongs to the Upper Xiajiadian Culture,but the context of the ruin indicated that there existed more early mining and smelting ruins As the biggest copper and tin resource in Chifeng area,Dajing site needs to be researched in the future

关 键 词：冶金史 炼铜技术 青铜 炼铜 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]