胫骨的动脉分布  

THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE HUMAN TIBIA

作　　者：姚作宾[1] 陈明法[1] 赵章仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江医科大学解剖学教研室,杭州310006

出　　处：《解剖学报》1991年第1期12-16,共5页Acta Anatomica Sinica

摘　　要：本研究通过动脉灌注,对50侧不同年龄(4～87岁)尸体胫骨的血液供应进行了研究。胫骨的动脉主要来自胫前、后动脉和腓动脉的分支,附加的有膝下动脉、膝中动脉和膝降动脉髌下支。在胫骨非关节面区域的周围,组成一个连续的骨膜动脉网。节段性骨膜动脉弓发升、降支沿胫骨前缘、内侧缘和外侧缘下1/3,上、下连成纵链。骺-干骺区的血液供应丰富,由来自周围穿入的骺-干骺血管和滋养动脉分布。随骺板融合,骺血管和干骺-滋养血管间建立广泛的吻合。骨髓和皮质内2/3或3/4由滋养动脉供应。皮质外1/3或1/4由骨膜血管供应。皮质纵、横的毛细血管相互吻合丰富,并分别与骨膜和骨内膜的毛细血管网相连接,其血流方向可随生理状态而改变。本文对胫骨动脉分布的临床意义作了简要讨论。The arterial supply of the human tibia in 50 specimens, ranging in age from 4 to 87 years, has been studied by the arterial perfusion method. The tibia is supplied principally by branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and the peroneal artery, with additional contributions from the inferior genicular arteries, the middle genicular artery and from the infrapatellar branch of the descending genicular artery. There is a continuous arterial anastomosis in the periosteal network on the non-articular surface of the tibia. The segmental periosteal ring arteries dividing into ascending and descending branches, connect with the branches from above and below to form the longitudinal anastomoses along the anterior, medial and the lower one-third of lateral tibial borders. The epiphyseal-metaphyseal regions are copiously supplied by vessels entering from the periphery and by the nutrient artery. With the fusion of the epiphyseal plate, a free anastomosis is established between the epiphyseal and metaphyseal nutrient vessels. The whole of the marrow and the inner two-thirds or three-quarters of its cortex are supplied by the nutrient artery. The outer third or fourth of the cortex is supplied by the periosteal vessels. Because the cortical longitudinal and transverse capillary systems are profusely anastomosed with each other and with the periosteal and endosteal circulatory networks, the blood can flow in either direction, depending on physiological conditions. The clinical significance of the arterial distribution to the tibia is briefly discussed.

关 键 词：胫骨 动脉 分布 

分 类 号：R322.71[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]