老年人跌倒的有关危险因素分析  

Analysis of risk factors related to falls among Chinese elderly

作　　者：尤黎明[1] 张军[1] 刘可[1] 张美芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市中山医科大学护理学院,510089

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2001年第8期569-572,共4页Chinese Journal of Nursing

摘　　要：目的 :调查和分析与老年人跌倒有关的危险因素。方法 :调查 6 0岁及以上的老人 415例 ,运用访谈、观察和查阅病历的方法收集资料 ,对各种因素进行单因素和多因素分析 ,并分析被筛选出的危险因素的相关特征。结果 :ADL 和行走能力测定为“不能独自活动”和居住安排为“独居”是跌倒的危险因素。不能独自活动者多在家中跌倒 ,且跌倒多与身体因素有关 ,近一半的跌倒与环境因素有关。独居者的相关特征是高龄、寡 (鳏 )居、以及居家环境中危险因素较多。婚姻状况中的“寡 (鳏 )居”和智力测验中的“智力损害”为跌倒的危险因素 ,但未能进入 logistic回归模型。结论 :“不能独自活动”和“独居”为跌倒的危险因素 ;“寡 (鳏 )居”和“智力损害”可能为跌倒的间接危险因素 ;环境危险因素是跌倒的重要因素。建议进一步研究某些因素 ,如高龄、寡 (鳏 )居、智力损害、某些慢性病、虚弱等 ,是否与老年人跌倒有更密切的关系。Objective:To investigate and analyze the risk factors related to falls among Chinese elderly . Methods: This was a comparative descriptive study. A sample survey with 415 participants aged 60 and older was conducted. Interview, observation and review of medical records were incorporated in data collection. The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors, and characteristics related to the selected factors were further analyzed. Results: “Need assistance in ADL and walking” and “living alone” were identified as risk factors for falls in both the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Persons in the category “need assistance in ADL and walking” sustained more falls in the home,and physical factors were involved in more falls among them. Environmental hazards were involved in about one half of their falls. Characteristics related to persons who were “living alone” were advanced age, being widowed and living with more home hazards. “Being widowed” and “mental impairment” were identified as risk factors for falls in the Chi-square test but failed to enter the logistic regression model. Conclusions: There were higher risk of falling in persons in the categories “need assistance in ADL and walking” and “living alone”. “Being widowed” and “mental impairment” are probably indirect factors for falls. Environmental factors play an important role in falls among the elderly. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether some factors, such as advanced age, being widowed, mental impairment, certain chronic conditions and general frailty are more closely related to falls among the elderly.

关 键 词：跌倒 危险因素 老年人 间接危险因素 环境危险因素 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]