季铵盐型植物生长调节剂的合成及应用研究  

Synthesis and Application of a Plant Growth Regulator

作　　者：阎一新[1] 韩秀英[2] 赵秀改[1] 卜新华 薄改梅[1] 李笃信[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学化学系,山西太原030006 [2]山西省农业厅,山西太原030002 [3]太原市小店区农业技术推广中心,山西太原030032

出　　处：《精细化工》2001年第6期311-313,共3页Fine Chemicals

摘　　要：以邻甲基苯胺为原料 ,经氯甲基化、缩合、季铵化和复分解四步反应合成了一种季铵盐型植物生长调节剂 :(3 甲基 4 脲基 ) 苄基 三甲基十二烷基硫酸铵。邻甲基苯胺在浓盐酸中用多聚甲醛进行氯甲基化 ,n(邻甲基苯胺 )∶n (多聚甲醛 ) =11∶30 ,在 5 0℃通入HCl气体 ,反应 6h ,得到 2 甲基 4 氯甲基苯胺 (Ⅰ ) ,产率 78%。中间产物 (Ⅰ )与尿素溶于浓盐酸 ,在 96℃反应 2h ,然后滴加质量分数为 30 %的三甲胺水溶液 15 0mL ,在 70℃反应 1h ,得到 (3 甲基 4 脲基 ) 苄基氯化铵 (Ⅲ ) ,产率 40 %。中间产物 (Ⅲ )与十二烷醇硫酸钠 (K12 )以n (Ⅲ )∶n (K12 ) =1∶1的量比溶于乙醇和水的混合溶剂中 ,在 80℃反应 2h ,合成了 (3 甲基 4 脲基 ) 苄基 三甲基十二烷基硫酸铵 (Ⅳ ) ,产率 90 %。用 w(Ⅳ ) =0 15 %的水溶液喷施小麦 1次 ,能使小麦增产 14%[(3-Methyl-4-ureidobenzyl) trimethylammonium] dodecyl sulfate used as a plant growth regulator was synthesized by four step reaction. The chloromethylation of o-methylaniline with paraformaldehyde in conc. hydrochloric acid in mole ratio n(o-methylaniline): n (paraformaldehyde) = 11:30 was proceeded. Gaseous HCl was passed in at 50 °C for 6 h to get 2-methyl-4-chloromethylaniline (I) in 78% yield. The intermediate (I) reacted with urea in hydrochloric acid at 96 °C for 2 h and then aqueous trimethylamine was dropped at 70 °C and reacted for 1 h to get (3-methyl-4-ureidobenzy trimethylammonium chloride (III) in 40% yield. The intermediate (III) reacted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12) in mole ratio n (III) : n (K12) = 1:1 at 80 °C for 2 h to get [(3-methyl-4-ureidobenzyl) trimethylammonium] dodecyl sulfate (IV) in 90% yield. By spraying once a 0.15% aqueous solution of (IV), the yield of wheat was increased by a factor of 14%.

关 键 词：季铵盐 植物生长调节剂 邻甲基苯胺 合成 应用 

分 类 号：TQ452[化学工程—农药化工]