不锈钢焊缝金属的氢脆  

HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF WELD METAL OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

作　　者：潘川[1] 李正邦[1] 田志凌[1] 梁东图[1] 宿彦京[2] 乔利杰[2] 褚武扬[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京钢铁研究总院,北京100081 [2]北京科技大学材料物理系,北京100083

出　　处：《金属学报》2001年第9期985-990,共6页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究资助项目G19990650

摘　　要：用慢应变速率拉伸方法研究了不稳定型奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属（３０８Ｌ和 ３４７Ｌ）以及母材（３０４Ｌ）的氢脆敏感性，分别研究了原子氢以及氢致马氏体对氢致塑性损失的贡献，结果表明，当可扩散的氢浓度Ｃ０大于临界值（约 ２５×１０－６－３０×１０－６）后三种不锈钢均会出现氢致马氏体（ε＋α’），其含量 Ｍ随 Ｃ０升高而升高，即 Ｍ（ε＋α’）＝５４．２－２５ ｅｘｐ（－Ｃ０／１５３）．氢致马氏体引起的塑性损失Ｉδ（Ｍ）随马氏体含量线性升高，即 Ｉδ（Ｍ）＝０４５Ｍ＝２４．４－１１．３ ｅｘｐ（－Ｃ０／１５３）１００％马氏体引起的最大塑性损失约为 ４５％，动态充氢引起的塑性损失几减去充氢除气试样的塑性损失就是原子氢引起的塑性损失Ｉδ（Ｈ），它随 Ｃ０升高而升高，但当 Ｃ０＞１０－４后，Ｉδ（Ｈ）趋于最大值（对应 ε＝５ × １０－６／ｓ），即 Ｉδ（Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝４４％（３０８Ｌ），Ｉδ（Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝４５％（３４７Ｌ）以及 Ｉδ（Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝４０％（３０４Ｌ）．随应变速率ε升高，Ｉδ（Ｈ）逐渐下降，直至为零（对应 ε＝０．０１８／ｓ—０．０３２／ｓ）；即 Ｉδ（Ｈ）＝－１６．４—１０．６ ｉｇε（３０８Ｌ），Ｉδ（Ｈ）＝－２０．９—１２．Using slow strain rate tests (SSRT), the role of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen- induced martensites in hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of weld metals of type 308L and type 347L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) and type 304L plate was quantitatively studied. The results indi- cated that hydrogen-induced martensites (ε+ α') formed in the three kinds of ASS when diffusible hydrogen concentration C0 exceeded (25-30) x 10-6, and the total amount of the hydrogen-induced matensites increased with increasing C0, i.e., M(ε+ α')=54.2-25 exp(-Co/153). The relative plas- ticity loss caused by the hydrogen-induced martensites increased linearly with increasing the amount of the matensites, i.e., Iδ(M)=0.45M=24.4-11.3 exp(-C0/153), and the maximum of plasticity loss induced by the matensites is about 45%. The plasticity loss caused by atomic hydrogen Iδ(H) for the three kinds of ASS increased with increasing Co and reached a saturation value, i.e. Iδ(H)max=44% (for 308L), Iδ(H)max=45% (for 304L) and Iδ(H)max=40% (for 304L) when C0 > 10-4 and the strain rate ε= 5 x 10-6/s. Iδ(H) decreased with increasing strain rate ε, i.e., Iδ(H)=-16.4-10.6 Igε(for 308L), Iδ(H)=-20.9-12.1 Igε(for 347L) and I δ(H)=-21.9-9.9 Igε (for 304L) and was equal to zero when ε=0.018/s-0.032/s.

关 键 词：氢脆 不锈钢 焊缝金属 氢致马氏体 加氢反应器 油气加工厂 

分 类 号：TE966[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] TG457.11[金属学及工艺—焊接]