净化养殖水体疫源生态模式及经济分析  

Bio-economic models for purifying epidemic sources in aquacultural waters

作　　者：张世萍[1] 陈昌意[1] 徐纯森[1] 麦雄伟[1] 陈汉文 赵祖宝 杨继超 李国华 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070 [2]新滩镇血防站,湖北洪湖433225 [3]湖北省黄梅县科委,湖北黄梅436500

出　　处：《水产学报》2001年第4期342-347,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：湖北省基金项目资助

摘　　要：叙述了青蛙、克氏原螯虾、乌龟、河蟹、黄鳝和泥鳅对钉螺和蚊幼的摄食对比实验 ,结果表明 ,它们每天摄食多少顺序为 :对钉螺 ,克氏原螯虾 >乌龟 >河蟹 >青蛙 ;对蚊幼 ,乌龟 >克氏原螯虾 >泥鳅 >黄鳝或青蛙 >河蟹 .在疫区对金钱蟹和克氏原螯虾进行摄食钉螺的定性观察发现 :在放养了实验动物的生态小区内 ,钉螺种群数量明显减少 .通过本实验和近 8年来的研究工作 ,形成了四种水生动植物净化疫水的生态经济模式 :1)芋、蛙、鳝、鳅、蚓、菜 ;2 )莲、菜、龟或鳖、鳝、鳅 ;3)莲藕、河蟹、泥鳅 ;4)芦苇或荻、克氏原螯虾或沼虾、泥鳅。Rana nigromacuata, Chinemys reveesii, Eriocheir sinensis, Monopterus albus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Procambarus clarkii preying upon Oncomelania hupensis and the mosquito larvae were studied and compared. It showed that all can feed Oncomelania hupensis,and mosquito larvae in varying degrees. On Oncomelania hupensis, the sequence of feeding quantity is Procambara clarkii > Eriocheir sinensis > Chinemys reevesii> Rana nigromacuata; and on Culex, that is Chinemys reevesii>Procambarus clarkii>Rana nigromacuata >Eriocheir sinensis. In the epidemic region,the outdoor test demonstrated that Oncomelania hupensis is much less in the pools in which with Eriocheir sinensis and Procambarus clarkii respectively than the controls.It has been concluded that four ecological economic models have been formed to purify the epidemic water. Based on the experiments as well as the relavant studies for eight years, four bio-economic models for purifying epidemic sources in farming waters are given in detail. They are: 1)taro, frog, ricefield eel, loach, earthworm, vegetable polyculture model; 2)lotus, vegetable, tortoise, ricefield eel, loach polyculture model; 3)lotus, Chinese mitten crab, loach polyculture model; 4)reed, crayfish, loach polyculture model. The application and benefit for all models are also given in the paper.

关 键 词：疫水 生物控制 生态经济模式 钉螺 蚊幼 净化 经济分析 疫区 养殖水体 

分 类 号：R184.3[医药卫生—流行病学] S913[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]