渤海、黄海沿岸主要港湾大振幅假潮成因的天气学分析  

Synoptic analyses for the formation of large-amplitude seiche in the main harbors along the coasts of the Bohai Sea and the Huanghai Sea

作　　者：曹丛华[1] 郭可彩[1] 李坤平[2] 陈则实[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局青岛海洋预报台,山东青岛266033 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋学报》2001年第5期24-32,共9页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (496 72 81) ;山东省科委计划专项合同 (1996年 40号 )

摘　　要：对渤海、黄海主要港湾发生的振幅大于 50cm(龙口港湾取振幅大于 80cm)的6 5次假潮过程与地面天气图进行对比分析 ,着重分析了伴随大振幅假潮过程的天气形势 .分析结果表明 :( 1 )龙口港湾 2 2次大振幅假潮中有 1 9次与雷暴天气 (其中有 3次伴随有飑线 ,1次还伴有龙卷 )有关 ,2次与大风天气有关 ,1次由外海雷暴引起 ;因此得出雷暴、飑线是引起大振幅假潮的主要原因 ;雷暴强弱和持续时间长短变化 ,导致假潮振幅大小及持续时间长短变化 ;雷暴的季节变化引起大振幅假潮的季节变化 ;雷暴发生的局地性导致假潮出现的局地性 ;雷暴传播方向的不同引起大振幅假潮的周期不同 .( 2 )北方气旋型和江淮气旋及西南倒槽型这两种天气类型有利于产生雷暴 ,并导致大振幅假潮的发生 .这两类型分别占 6 2个例的 46 8%和 1 7 7% .The comparative analyses are made between 65 seiche processes with the amplitude greater than 50 cm(the amplitude greater than 80 cm in Longkou Harbor) in main harbors along the coasts of the Bohai Sea and the Huanghai Sea and the surface weather charts. The weather situations accompanied with large amplitude seiche processes are also analyzed. The results show that:(1) Among the 22 cases of large amplitude seiche, 19 cases are related to thunderstorm weather (from which three cases are accompanied with squall lines, one case with tornado) and two cases are related to gale weather, and one case is caused by open sea thunderstorm. Thus, thunderstorm and squall line are marn factors for the formation of the large amplitude seiche. Two weather types(the northern cyclonic, the cyclonic of the south of the Changjiang River, and southwest inverted trough)are benefit to produce thunderstorm and result in large amplitude seiche. (2) The intensity of thunderstorm is stronger, the greater atmospheric perturbation and the larger amplitude of seiche. (3) The duration of seiche and main period of oscillation in each harbor are determined by the duration and propagation direction of the thunderstorm. (4) A transient variation of the pure wind speed and direction can also induce the large amplitude seiche, but its amplitude is smaller than that produced by strong thunderstorm, which well combined with transient variation of atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction. (5) The sea surface fluctuation triggered by the open sea thunderstorm can produce the long wave or isolated wave. When the wave propagates into harbor, it can also cause the large amplitude seiche.

关 键 词：大振幅假潮 天气类型 雷暴 渤海 黄海 天气学分析 地面天气图 

分 类 号：P732[天文地球—海洋科学]