两种南极冰藻的形态和超微结构观察  

Studies on the Morphology and Ultrastructure of Two Species of Antarctic Ice Microalgae

作　　者：姜英辉[1] 侯旭光[2] 李光友[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋生物活性物质重点实验室,青岛266061 [2]青岛海洋大学生命学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《高技术通讯》2001年第8期29-33,共5页Chinese High Technology Letters

基　　金：海洋生物技术领域资助项目 (819 0 4 12 )

摘　　要：对从南极水样中分离到的两种单细胞绿藻塔胞藻 (Pyramimonassp .)和衣藻(Chlamydomonassp .) ,用光镜和电镜对其形态和超微结构进行观察。观察结果表明 ,塔胞藻为倒卵圆形 ,大小为 4～ 5 μm× 5～ 8μm ;具 4根等长的鞭毛 ,运动速度快 ,二分分裂 ;无细胞壁结构 ,细胞膜外为结构独特的两层鳞片结构 ;细胞内储存脂肪颗粒 ,叶绿体呈杯状。衣藻为圆球形 ,大小在 8～ 10 μm左右 ;2根鞭毛 ,运动缓慢或不运动 ,二分分裂 ;细胞壁外无鳞片 ,且细胞壁和细胞膜存在质壁分离现象 ;细胞内储存大量的淀粉颗粒 ,叶绿体形状不规则。两种冰藻的鞭毛结构均为典型的“9+ 2”结构 ,但两者的鞭毛在细胞内的着生方式不同。Two species of Antarctic unicellular green algae were isolated from Antarctic water and ice samples, and the morphology and ultrastructure were investigated by light microscopy and TEM and SEM. One was Pyramimonas sp., the other was Chlamydomonas sp. The results showed that ice microalgae Pyramimonas sp. cells were obovoid in shape and its size was 4～5μm×5～8μm. It bore four flagella of equal length and swim quickly. Mode of reproduction was binary fission. There is no cell wall in Pyramimonas sp., instead, each cell was surrounded by two layers of special tiny scales. And each cell contained the cup shaped chloroplast and lipid granules were the deposited material. Chlamydomonas sp.cells were round in shape and its size was around 8～10μm. It bore two flagella of equal length and swam slowly or not swam. Mode of reproduction was binary fission too. There was cell wall outside of cell membrane. It had plasmolization. There were many starch granules as the deposited material in cell. The shape of chloroplast was anomaly. The architecture of the flagella apparatus of the two species was the usual '9+2'structure. The cell morphology and structure of two species of ice microalgae is response to the adaptation to the polar environment during the long period of evolution.

关 键 词：冰藻 绿藻 形态 超微结构 塔胞藻 衣藻 鞭毛 细胞膜 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]