空气污染对银杏和白蜡树上康氏粉蚧种群的影响  

INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION OF COMSTOCKI MEALYBUG’S POPULATION IN THE GINKGO AND FRAXINUS

作　　者：周霞[1] 汤祊德[2] 谢映平[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学应用昆虫研究所,杭州310029 [2]山西农业大学,太谷030801

出　　处：《林业科学》2001年第4期65-70,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

摘　　要：研究了在城市空气污染环境中康氏粉蚧 (Pseudococcuscomstocki)在银杏树 (Ginkgobiloba)、白蜡树(Fraxinuschinensis)上种群密度变化 ,用化学分析方法测定了城市空气中SO2 和Pb在树体、虫体、天敌体内的积累量 ,结果表明 :(1)首次确认和发现康氏粉蚧以银杏树为寄主 ,并造成严重危害。 (2 )空气污染物SO2 、Pb可被树体、虫体和天敌吸收 ,并在体内积累。 (3)在污染严重的市中心 ,气温升高 ,空气污染物SO2 、Pb增多 ,促进康氏粉蚧发育 ,产卵期提早 2～ 3天 ,产卵量增加。 (4 )空气污染程度与树体含污量和康氏粉蚧虫口密度呈正相关 ,污染愈重树体内S和Pb积累量愈高 ,在高污染区内银杏树韧皮部和叶片含Pb总量比中—轻度污染区增加 10 1%～ 15 3% ,含S总量增加 13 9%～ 2 2 0 % ,白蜡树分别增加 5 7%～ 11 9% ,及 4 5 %～ 7 8%。树体含污量愈高 ,虫口密度也愈大 ,在重污染区银杏树和白蜡树上虫口密度为 76 8头 枝及 43 1头 枝 ;中—轻度污染区在两种树上分别为 16 4～ 2 8头 枝及 13 7～ 2 5头 枝。 (5 )在重污染环境中银杏树体内氨基酸组分发生变化 ,有 13种氨基酸超过清洁对照区 ,增幅达 2 4 4%～ 76 19% ,可溶性糖增加 6 46 %。 (6 )康氏粉蚧在空气污染严重的环境中大发生 。The influence of urban air pollutants SO 2 and Pb on the Comstocki mealybug's population density in Ginkgo biloba (Linn.)and Fraxinus Chinensis (Roxb.) were stuidied in Taiyuan City.The accumulated contents of environmental air pollutants SO 2 and Pb in the bodies of the scale insects, their host trees and natural enemies were determined by the method of analytical chemistry.The results showed as follows: 1.Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) could parasite on Ginkgo trees,and brought about damage severely was found for the first time. 2.The Air pollutants,sulphur dioxide and lead,were absorbed and then accumulated in the bodies of the scale insects,thier natural enemies,and the host trees (Ginkgo and Fraxinus)。 3.The Air pollutants,sulphur dioxide and lead could promote the development of Pseadococcus comstocki compared with the light polluted areas,oviposit period in the heavy polluted area was moved up 2～3d,oviposit amounts increased by 20.7～29.4 Ova/each in G.biloba and 32.5～49.9 Ova/each in F.chinensis. 4.The Air pollute level,pollutants contents in the bodies of the host trees were positively correlated with scale insect population density (SIP). The greater pollutants contents of host trees,the greater its SIP was. 5.The heavy pollution environment had changed the amino acid component of the trees. In the bodies of G.biloba the content of 13 amino acid component was increased by 24.4%～76.19%;the total carbohydrate and soluble carbohydrate were increased by 1.78% and 6.46% respectively. 6.Pseudococcus comstocki could develop largely in the pollution environment, the responsible reasons could be the weaken resistance of the host tree,the reduction of natural enemies and the improvement of scale insect tolerance.

关 键 词：空气污染 康氏粉蚧 银杏树 白蜡树 种群动态 天敌 虫口密度 铅 二氧化硫 环境监测 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X835