脑内一个和学习记忆有关的新区的发现和研究  

A New Area with Function of Learning and Memory in Human Brain

作　　者：舒斯云[1] 包新民[1] 李胜修[1] 牛东滨[1] 李耀宇[1] 张运周[1] 吴永明[1] 

机构地区：[1]第一军医大学神经科学研究所

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2001年第4期10-16,共7页China Basic Science

摘　　要：我们在大鼠、猫、猴及人脑新纹状体尾侧,围绕苍白球颅外侧边缘,发现一个由纺锤形细胞构成的新区。根据它的位置命名为边缘区(MrD)。边缘区内富含多种神经递质。将大鼠脑Nissl切片用计算机三维结构重建技术,证明边缘区为一个位于新纹状体和苍白球之间的一个扁平盘状结构。用化学刺激诱导的c-Fos表达法证明边缘区和海马、杏仁核以及和认知功能有关的Meynert基底核之间存在机能及纤维联系。化学损伤大鼠两侧边缘区,用双盲法Y迷宫实验发现动物的学习记忆能力严重受损。活体人脑功能核磁共振检测,证明边缘区和前额叶同时参与了脑的学习记忆活动。我们的结果证明边缘区是哺乳动物脑内新发现的一个重要结构,其形态和纤维联系特殊。动物实验和活体功能核磁共振检测,证明边缘区的功能和脑的学习记忆密切相关。A new subdivision consisting of spindle-shaped nurons has been identified at the caudomedial margin in the striatum and surrounding the rostrolateral border of the globus pallidus in the brains of the rat, cat, monkey and human.The subdivision is termed marginal division (MrD) based on its location. It is readily distinguishable from the rest of striatum by special connections and intensely expressed immunoreactivities of many neuropeptides and some monoamines in the fibers, terminals and neuronal so-mata. Three-dimensional reconstruction from Nissl stained sections of the rat brain revealed that the MrD is a flat pan-shaped zone between the neostriatum and globus pallidus. The efferent projections from the marginal division terminate in the limbic system and the basal nucleus of Meynert with function of learning and memory. Functional neuronal connections were detected by chemical induced c-Fos expression between the MrD and hippocampus, amygdala , as well as the basal nucleus of Meynert. In rats with chemical lesions of bilateral MrD, learning and memory functions were severely impaired as demonstrated by double blind Y-maze test. Marginal division, as well as anterior frontal cortex, has been proved to participate learning and memory activity of the brain revealed by memory task-related functional magnetic resonance image(fMRI) .Our results thus suggested that the MrD of striatum is a distinct new area in the striatum of the mammalian brain and plays an important role in the mechanism of learning and memory of the brain by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

关 键 词：脑 学习 记忆 边缘区 发现 研究 

分 类 号：Q426[生物学—神经生物学]