蛇腐皮病的病原特性及其防治方法的研究  

The Characterization of Pathogens and the Approach to the Control Measures for Skin Necrosis in Domesticated Snake

作　　者：杜道林[1] 邓晓东[2] 吴文芳[3] 吕国安[3] 徐梅[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳生态研究所,辽宁,沈阳,110016,海南师范学院生物系,海南,海口,571158 [2]热带作物生物技术国家重点实验室,海南,海口,571101 [3]中国科学院沈阳生态研究所,辽宁,沈阳,110016

出　　处：《蛇志》2001年第3期10-14,共5页Journal of Snake

基　　金：中国科学院重点项目

摘　　要：目的：对广西驯养珍稀蛇类腐皮病病原菌的特性进行研究，并对疾病有效的防治措施进行探索。方法：对蛇类腐皮病的5种主要病原菌进行药敏感试验，小白鼠接种试验、本动物回归试验，常用消毒剂的体外杀菌试验，以及对蛇场采场的综合性防治措施。结果：药敏试验表明：除绿脓杆菌外，其它蛇类腐皮病病原菌均对头孢唑啉有高度的敏感，对丁胺卡那霉素，10株菌均有不同程度的敏感，小白鼠接种试验表明：接种后24h内，变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌和腐败假单胞杆菌对小白鼠致死率为100％（各为4／4），雷极普鲁威登斯菌致死率为25％（1／4），金黄色葡萄球菌致死率为0％（0／4）；本动物回归试验表明：5种主要病原菌在皮肤创口接种后20天内，均可诱发腐皮病，从皮肤化脓灶及尾血均分别分离到接种菌；常用消毒剂体外抑菌试验表明，百毒杀、来苏儿、新洁尔灭对10株细菌的杀菌率均在99．9％以上，特别是百毒杀低浓度下杀菌效果尤为明显；蛇场采取综合性防治措施后，蛇腐皮病发病率由20％减少到10％以下，死亡率由10％减少到5％以下。结论：本研究的结果证明，蛇腐皮病的主要病原是变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、腐败假单胞菌、协极普鲁威登斯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌；5种病原菌的抗药性均比较强，仅对丁胺卡那霉素、头孢唑啉有广泛的敏感性，丁胺卡那霉素、头孢唑啉为治疗蛇腐皮病的首选药物。百毒杀、来苏儿、新洁尔可作为防治蛇腐皮病的消毒剂。此外还需要采用取综合性措施才能有效地控制蛇腐皮病的发生及危害。Objective Characterization of the pathogens and approach to the control measure for Skin Necrosis in Guangxi domesticated snakes Methods Drug sensitivity test with 20 common antibiotics,pathogenicity tests with mouce and snake and the efficacy tests of the common disinfectants against the pathogens were conducted An approach to the effective control was taken on a snake farm Results Drug sensitivity test showed that except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the other 4 pathogens were high sensitive to cephalosporins, and all the pathogens were sensitive to Amikacin with variable extent; Pathogenicity test with mouse revealed that mortalities of mouse were 100%(4/4), 100%(4/4), 100%(4/4), 25%(1/4) and 0%(0/4), respectively within 24 hours after inoculation with Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Prouidencia rettgeri and Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity test with snakes demonstrated that all 5 pathogens could cause skin necrosis within 20 days after inoculation into skin wound and the pathogens were recovered from focal necrosis in the skin and tail blood Biocidal activity of Bestaguam, cresolum and benzalkonii bromidum against the pathogens were over 99 9%, especially Bestaguam showed 100% biocidal activity at low biocidal dilution Morbidity of skin necrosis in snakes decreased to fewer than 10% from 20%, and mortality decreased to fewer than 5% from 10% after having taken the integrated control measures on the farm Conclusion The major pathogens of skin necrosis in snake were proved to be Proteus, Ps aeruginosa, Ps putrefaciens, Prouidencia and staphylococcus aureus; these pathogens have wide drug resistance spectrum, only cephalosporins and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics Bestaguam, cresolum and benzalkonii bromidum were effective disinfectants and were recommended to be used on the farm for the control of the disease In addition, the integrated measures should be recommended for the effective control of Skin Necrosis in domesticated snakes

关 键 词：蛇腐皮病 病原特性 防治 药敏试验 

分 类 号：S858.94[农业科学—临床兽医学]