中国水稻生产的环境成本估算——湖北、湖南案例研究  

Estimation on the environmental costs of rice production in China:Hubei and Hu′nan case study

作　　者：李季[1] 靳百根[2] 崔玉亭[1] 邹冬生[3] 冯中朝[4] 韩纯儒[1] Day Brett David Norse 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源环境学院,北京100094 [2]中国农业大学人文学院,北京100094 [3]湖南农业大学植物科技学院,长沙410128 [4]华中农业大学经贸学院,武汉430070 [5]英国伦敦大学经济社会研究中心 [6]英国伦敦大学地理系

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第9期1474-1483,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中英合作英国伦敦国际发展署资助项目

摘　　要：水稻是中国农业生产中的一种重要作物 ,其对中国 GDP的直接贡献大约 2 0 0 0亿元 ,占全国农业总产值的 1 0 %。然而如同其它农业活动一样 ,水稻生产也带来了一些环境问题 ,其成本并未得到全面的评价 ,也未体现于政策制订中。研究选定湖南和湖北两个省 ,分别对水稻生产的环境成本作了估算和评价。经过估算 ,两个省 1 995年的环境成本为 2 5～ 1 1 0亿元 ,约为农业总产值的 1 %～ 4 .5 %,考虑到目前水稻生产的发展趋势以及国家环境政策变化 ,这些成本在 2 0 2 0年将可能达到Rice is the most important crop in China's agricultural economy and will remain so for the foreseeable future Its direct contribution to China's GDP is about 200 billion yuan and provides some 10 % of national gross agricultural product However. rice production, like many other agricultural activities,brings a number of serious environmental problems with economic costs that have not been fully assessed and are not adequately considered in policy making Two major rice producing provinces, Hu′nan and Hubei, were selected to estimate the environmental cost in the present study For these two provinces it was estimated that the costs reached to 2 5 to 11 billion RMB in 1995, equal to 1 0% to 4 5 % of agricultural GDP, though with some uncertainly about the cost of upstream and downstream damage Given current rice production trends and environmental policies these costs could triple even more by 2020

关 键 词：水稻 环境成本 环境经济 湖北 湖南 农业生产 温室气体 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]