黄樟素植物资源的开发利用现状及前景  

The Exploitation and Situation of Plant Resources of Safrole

作　　者：刘志秋[1] 陈进[1] 许勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《香料香精化妆品》2001年第4期14-19,共6页Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics

摘　　要：本文探讨了黄樟素植物资源的种类、分布、各部位器官精油和黄樟素含量 ,及其开发利用现状及前景。据统计 ,精油中含黄樟素的植物共有 62种 ,其中精油含量较高 ( >4 0 % )的有 3 2种。在这 3 2种植物中 ,在根和 (或 )茎精油中主要成分为黄樟素的植物有 2 0种 ;在皮油中的有 4种 ;叶油中的 1 0种 ;果实和种子中的 6种 ;有 4种是草本 ,全草精油主要成分为黄樟素。樟科植物是黄樟素的重要植物资源 ,共有 3 7种樟科植物含有黄樟素 ,有 2 4种樟科植物黄樟素含量较高 ( >4 0 % )。狭叶桂 (C .angustifoliaB .Q .Cheng)、少花桂 (C .paciflorum )、等植物叶、茎、枝、皮和果的精油中 ,岩桂 (C .petrophilumN .Chao)、香樟 (C .camphora)、毛叶树胡椒 (Piperhispidinervium)等的叶精油中黄樟素含量均较高 ,这些植物可作为持续发展生产黄樟素的理想资源。其中从巴西引种的毛叶树胡椒是投产最快、具有较大开发前景的黄樟素新资源。本文旨在为黄樟素植物资源的开发利用及保护提供理论依据。The plants in which contain safrole have been reviewed, including their species, distribution, essential oil yield and safrole content of the oil from different organs of each species. According to the preliminary statistics, there are 62 species contain safrole, in which 32 species contain >40% of safrole in the essential oils. In these 32 species, 20 species contain safrole in essential oil in their roots and /or stems, 4 species in bark, 10 in leaves, 6 in fruits (seeds), and 4 are herb species, which safrole are contained in whole herb. Lauraceae plants are the most important plant resources of safrole, there are 37 species of Lauraceae contain safrole in different parts of plant, in which there are 24 species contain high level (>40%) of safrole in essential oil. Cinnamomum angustifoliam B.Q.Cheng, C.paciflorum which contain high percentage of safrole in the essential oil of the whole tree, C. petrophilum N.Chao, C. camphora and Piper species which contain high percentage safrole in their leaves oil are the sustainable resource of safrole production. Especially, Piper hispidinervium is a promising resource which can repay in short time. Purpose of this paper reviewed is to provide a proof of exploitation and protection.

关 键 词：黄樟素 植物资源 开发利用 种类 资源分布 精油 

分 类 号：S573[农业科学—作物学]