重金属对草鱼胚胎及鲤鱼苗的毒性研究  

Studies on the toxic effects of heavy metals on embryoes of ctenopharyngodon idella and the fries of the carps

作　　者：卢健民[1] 蔺玉华[1] 李怀明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学院黑龙江水产研究所

出　　处：《水产学杂志》1995年第1期55-62,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

摘　　要：Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ四种重金属，按国家渔业水质标准所规定浓度为基数，配成超标５、１０、２０、５０、１００倍的单因子、双因子、三因子、四因子实验组。以水体染毒法对草鱼胚胎发育和鲤鱼苗进行毒性实验。结果表明：四种重金属均对鱼胚和鱼苗有致畸变和致死的毒性作用。其毒性强弱在超标倍数相同情况下顺序依次为：Ｃｕ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｄ＞Ｈｇ。超标５倍的单因子重金属均影响鱼胚孵化。超标５０倍以上绝大多数鱼胚（自原肠—鳔形成期）和鱼苗７天内致死率达１００％。多因子重金属混合液比单因子都显示毒性加强。但有些因子混合液中也出现毒性减弱的拮抗现象。鱼苗对毒物比鱼胚敏感。Four kinds of heavy metals,including mermury,cadmium,copper and zinc are according to station fishes water guality standard,which are prepared to test groups containg the multiple of overstan and 5,10,20,50,100times that are single,double three and four solution.The experiments are studies on the embryoes of ctenopharyngon idella and fries of carps are exposured to above solution.The results are shown that all four kinds of heavy metals have definite toxic effects of deformation and fatality to fish embryoes and fries under conditions of the same the multiple of overstandard.The multiple of overstandard 5times indicates effect on fish embryoes hatching. Percent of fatality is 100%that must groups of fish embryoes(from origina intestines period to nervous embryo period)and fries are exposured to toxicants during 7 days.The mixed solution has higner toxic effect than of the single solution, In the mixed solrtion,some combination produce antagonium in Iow concentration.Ffies fish are more sensitive than fish embryoes.

关 键 词：草鱼胚胎 鲤鱼苗 重金属 毒性试验 水体污染 

分 类 号：X520.322.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]