云南横断山区蚤类物种多样性的地理分布趋势与重要环境因素的关系  

The relationship between the geographical distribution trends of flea species diversity and the important environmental factor in the Hengduan Mountains,Yunnan

作　　者：龚正达[1] 吴厚永[2] 段兴德[1] 冯锡光[1] 张云智[1] 刘泉[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南省流行病防治研究所,大理671000 [2]军事医学科学院微生物流行病学研究所,北京100071

出　　处：《生物多样性》2001年第4期319-328,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 396 0 0 10 );云南省自然科学基金 ( 97C6 0 0D)

摘　　要：根据云南横断山区具代表性的 7个山系共 9个样区山地蚤类及其宿主动物的垂直分布调查结果 ,并参考以往的部分调查资料 ,对所获数据进行统计学处理 ,应用不同山系样区各垂直带蚤类物种多样性的平均值作为指标 ,就云南横断山区蚤类物种多样性的地理分布趋势和规律 ,与宿主动物和重要环境因素的关系等问题进行了分析和探讨。结果显示 ,蚤类物种多样性的地理分布趋势是由西北→南→东→北呈递减的趋势。与此变化趋势密切相关的重要因素是水湿条件 ,其次是经度的影响。另外还与蚤类的丰富度、地理环境、垂直带和人们的生产活动等因素有关。研究认为 ,形成蚤类与宿主动物间多样性地理分布趋势上的差异的主要原因是对环境的适应性不同 ,其中水湿条件就是很重要的因素之一。研究还发现 ,横断山蚤类在我国蚤类区系中是多样性最高的地区 ,它充分地反映了横断山区栖息地异质性对物种数的重要影响 。This paper is based on investigations of the vertical distribution of fleas and their hosts in nine sample areas in seven mountain ranges and refers to related data analyzed with statistical methods. According to the standardized mean of the diversity index for fleas in the vertical zones of each mountain range, the paper analyses and discusses the problems of the relationship of hosts and of important environmental factors with the geographical distribution trends and rules of flea species diversity in Yunnan Province’s Hengduan Mountains. The results show geographical distribution trends such that flea species diversity gradually decreases from the northwest to the south and the northeast. This trend is related primarily with humidity and rainfall, then secondarily with latitude, flea richness, geographical environmental condition, vertical zonation, human activities, etc. It is concluded that the different geographical distribution trends between fleas and hosts was the main cause of their different adaptability to the environment, of which humidity is one of the important factors. In addition, the flea species richness in the Hengduan Mountains is the highest in the Chinese flea fauna. It was demonstrated that habitat heterogeneity in the Hengduan Mountains affects species diversity, which acts on the relationship between species and area.

关 键 词：蚤类 物种多样性 地理分布 环境因素 云南横断山区 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]