浙江天台山不同林型土壤环境的微生物区系和细菌生理群的多样性  

Diversity of bacterial physiological groups and microbial flora in the soil of eight forest types of Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang

作　　者：张崇邦[1] 金则新[1] 李均敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省台州学院生化系,临海317000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2001年第4期382-388,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3992 0 3);浙江省教委科研计划项目 ( 19990 36 7)

摘　　要：研究了天台山 8种土壤环境的微生物区系 ,细菌生理群分布、组成和多样性。结果表明 :黄山松林、竹林和云锦杜鹃林土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量较多 ,而柳杉林土壤中较少。微生物数量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量以及土壤凋落物的关系较大。每种土壤环境的细菌、真菌和放线菌占微生物总量的比例为 :细菌数量最多 ,放线菌居中 ,真菌较少。土壤细菌生理群在天台山 8种土壤环境中的分布有较大的差异。好气纤维素分解菌、好气固氮菌、氨化细菌、有机磷分解菌、无机磷分解菌在 8种土壤环境中均占有较大的比例 ,是每种土壤环境的优势菌群 ,而反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌在每种土壤环境中占有的数量比例均相对较小 ,处于次要地位。七子花林、竹林、云锦杜鹃林和日本花柏林土壤细菌生理群的Simpson指数和Shannon Wiener指数均较小 ,柳杉林、茶园、金钱松林、黄山松林土壤细菌生理群的Simpson指数和Shannon Wiener指数相对较大。The diversity, component and distribution of bacterial physiological groups and microbial flora in eight soil types of the Tiantai Mountain were studied. The results indicated that the amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces is the highest in the soil of Pinus taiwanensis forest, bamboo forest, Rhododendron fortunei forest, and the smallest in Cryptomeria fortune forest soil, which is co related to the contents of organic matter, net nitrogen, net phosphorus and the litter in soil. The ratios of the bacteria, fungi, actinomyces to the total of microorganisms are as follows: bacteria amount is the most common, actinomyces amount is the next, and fungi is the smallest. Different distribution patterns of bacteria physiological groups are recognized. The ratios of aerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria, aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria, ammoniation bacteria, organic phosphorus decomposing bacteria, inorganic phosphorus decomposing bacteria to the net amount of soil bacteria physiological groups are the dominant bacteria groups. The ratios of anti nitrify bacteria and anti vulcanization bacteria to the soil bacteria physiological groups net amount are the next in eight soil types of the Tiantai Mountain. The Simpson index and Shannon Wiener index of the bacteria physiological groups are smaller in soil of the Heptacodium miconioides forest, bamboo forest, Rhododendron fortunei forest and Chamaecyparis pisifera forest, that of the bacteria physiological groups are relatively larger in the soil of Cryptomeria fortune forest, tea plantatio forest,Pseudolarix amabilis forest, and Pinus taiwanensis forest.

关 键 词：天台山 土壤类型 微生物区系 细菌生理群 多样性 森林生态系统 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]