植物抗冻机理研究新进展:抗冻基因表达及其功能  

Advances of Studies on Plant Freezing-tolerance Mechanism: Freezing Tolerance Gene Expression and Its Function

作　　者：邓江明[1] 简令成[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东教育学院生物系,广州510303 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《植物学通报》2001年第5期521-530,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

摘　　要：综述了迄今业已分离和鉴定的低温诱导表达的抗冻基因 ,以及通过染色体基因制图方法揭示和证实的抗冻性基因。并着重地介绍了这些抗冻基因在提高植物抗冻能力上的功能。这些抗冻基因表达合成的新多肽具有高度的亲水性 ,起着保护和稳定细胞膜结构的作用 ,从而防止冰冻伤害、提高植物的抗冻能力。同时还介绍了抗冻基因表达中的某些调节因子 ,其中尤其值得注意的是 ,CBF基因似乎有可能作为抗冻基因表达的“主开关” ,以及Ca2 +作为植物细胞的第二信使在传递低温信号、启动和调节抗冻基因表达中可能的重要作用。这些研究结果 ,不仅为阐明植物的抗冻机理提供了新的证据 。This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies on plant freezing tolerance genes. The expressions of these genes are induced during cold acclimation and some genes have been isolated, characterized and mapped. The paper emphasizes the role of these genes in increasing plant freezing tolerance. A large number of polypeptides encoded by these genes are highly hydrophilic, and so they can stabilize membranes and prevent membranes from freezing injury. The paper also introduces some regulatory factors, especially CBF gene as the 'master switch' and Ca 2+ as the second messenger, which may play an important role in activating and regulating the expression of freezing tolerance genes. These studies not only contributed new evidence for understanding the mechanism of plant freezing tolerance, but also may provide new ideas for improving the freezing_tolerance of crops.

关 键 词：抗冻基因表达 植物 耐冻性 基因调节 ABA调节 Ca^2+调节 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] Q786