雀榕及其传粉昆虫传粉生态研究  

A study on pollination ecology of Ficus virens and its insect pollinators

作　　者：陈勇[1] 李宏庆[2] 马炜梁[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁德师范高等专科学校生物系,福建宁德352100 [2]上海华东师范大学生物系,上海200062

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第10期1569-1574,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 9670 1 3 4)

摘　　要：雀榕 (Ficusvirens)花是单性的 ,雌雄同株 ,每一个隐头花序里同时具有雌花和雄花 ,雌花有长柱花和短柱花 (瘿花 )的分化 ,但二者均能结实和形成虫瘿 ,在生理上仍未分离。在这些花序中生长着 4种小蜂总科的昆虫 ,其中榕小蜂科的 2个种是雀榕的传粉者 ,尤以雀榕小蜂 (Blastophaga sp.)为雀榕的主要传粉者 ,是共生体系的真正的互惠共生伙伴。冠缝榕小蜂 (B.coronata)则是次要的传粉者也是主要传粉者的竞争者。食榕小蜂 (Sycophila sp.)和刻腹小蜂 (Ormyrussp.)是上述 2种榕小蜂的寄生者 ,但是刻腹小蜂的雄蜂也能参与出飞孔开掘。首次报道了我国雌雄同株的榕属植物和传粉昆虫在季节性环境胁迫下的共生关系 ,并探讨了共生体系维持的对策。Ficus virens is monoecious,with each syconium bearing both male and female flowers.The female flowers are divided into long-styled flowers and short-styled ones,but both bear fruits and form galls and are not separated physicologically.In these syconia live 4 kinds of insects of Chalcidoidea,of which two species of Agaonidae are the pollinators of Ficus virens,especially Blastophaga sp.is a main pollinator of Ficus virens and a legitimate companion of the mutualism system.Blastophaga coronata is the secondary pollinator and also the competitor of the main pollinator.Sycophila and Ormyrus are the parasites of the above two fig wasps,but male Ormyrus sp.also takes part in digging holes of dispersal in the syconia.This article for the first time reports the mutualism relationship between fig trees with monoecism and its pollinators under the seasonal environmental stress in China.The article also discusses the sustaining countermeasures of the mutualism system.

关 键 词：雀榕 榕小蜂 共生 传粉生态 

分 类 号：Q944.43[生物学—植物学]