荔枝-牧草复合系统节肢动物群落多样性与稳定性分析  

Diversity and stability analyses of arthropod community in litchi-herbage complex system

作　　者：刘德广[1] 熊锦君[1] 谭炳林[1] 黄明度[1] 张润杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省昆虫研究所,广州510260 [2]中山大学昆虫学研究所,广州510275

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第10期1596-1601,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九 .五"攻关 (编号 96-0 0 4-0 3 -1 0 )资助项目

摘　　要：1997年 9月到 1 998年 9月在广东东莞对荔枝 -牧草复合系统和单一系统的节肢动物群落进行了比较研究 ,结果表明 :荔枝 -牧草复合系统同单一系统相比节肢动物群落数量 ,物种丰富度及均匀性增加 ,多样性提高。复合系统中各类群的多样性几乎在一年中的任何时期都比单一系统要高 ,但不同系统各类群的多样性对夏季高温和荔枝树生长阶段的反应极不一致。利用 3个指数来评价群落的稳定性 ,结果都说明复合系统中的节肢动物群落显得较为稳定。看来 ,荔枝 -牧草复合系统是荔枝园中维持 ,保护和利用节肢动物群落多样性的一种很好的模式。用有序样品的最优分割方法 ,把荔枝 -牧草复合系统的节肢动物群落最优划分为了 5个阶段 ,各个阶段节肢动物各类群的多样性特征及主要害虫和天敌状态的明确能对复合系统中荔枝害虫综合防治措施的适时采用起指导作用。The experimental orchards were located at Qiaotou town of Dongguan city,Guangdong Province,China.The litchi trees were planted between 1993 and 1994 with a distance of 3m between trees and 5m between rows.In a 2 hm 2 orchard,Desmodium intortum (Mill.Urb.),a forage legume,was planted in litchi orchard.This orchard is subsequently referred to as a complex system consisting of a litchi subsystem and a forage subsystem.In an adjacent 2 hm 2 orchard,ground cover plants (mostly weeds) were removed by farmers,and this orchard is subsequently referred to as a simple system.In both the complex and the simple systems,integrated pest management measures were taken including culturing strong trees,releasing mass-reared wasps of Anastatus sp to control litchi stink bug,utilizing selective pesticides such as imidacloprid to control twig insect pests,and using petroleum spray oil to control pests such as scales and mites. Arthopod censuses were conducted from September,1997 to September,1998,at 20 day intervals.5 sample spots were selected in either system,with 2 trees at each spot.Arthropods were caught by net-sweeping and twig-checking at these spots throughout the investigation period.Arthropods in the ground cover were also gathered in 5 quadrates (9m 2 each) in the complex system by 30 sweeps in each quadrate.All individuals collected were counted and identified. The arthropod community was divided into 4 assemblages including phytophagous insects,parasitic and predatory insects,spiders,and scavengers and others.The BergerParker index of dominance,Simpson index of dominant concentration,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were used to analyze the arthropod community. The phytophagous insect assemblage accounted for 60.6% of all arthopods in the simple system,in constast to 30.3% in the complex system.In the simple system,11.2% of all arthropods were spiders,compared with 18.9% in the complex system respectively.Parasitic and predatory insects made up 11.6% and 22.4% of the simple system and the complex system respect

关 键 词：荔枝 牧草 复合系统 节肢动物群落 多样性 稳定性 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]