围垦对长江口南岸底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响  

Influence of diking on the benthic macro-invertebrate community structure and diversity in the south bank of the Changjiang Estuary

作　　者：袁兴中[1] 陆健健[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第10期1642-1647,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家教育部高校湿地专项基金资助项目

摘　　要：通过对长江口南岸围垦潮滩和自然潮滩大型底栖无脊椎动物进行取样调查 ,研究了围垦潮滩的底栖动物群落结构及其多样性特征 ,分析了围垦对潮滩底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响。研究发现 :1围垦使底栖动物群落种类减少 ,种类组成发生变化 ;总趋势是 ,围垦以后 ,甲壳动物种类明显减少 ,由 7种减少到 1种 ;随着围垦时间延长 ,多毛类种类减少 ,由 4种减少到 3种 ,直到最后消失 ;而软体动物和昆虫幼虫种类所占比例则明显增加 ,分别从占总种数的 2 9.41 %、5 .89%增加到 5 0 .0 0 %和 2 5 .0 0 % ;2围垦 1 a且仍受潮水影响的潮滩 ,底栖动物种类丰度虽有降低 ,但其密度和生物量却明显增加 ,分别从 1 3 2 .1 0个 /m2 、3 5 .3 1 g/m2 (湿重 )增加到 2 1 8.3 2个 /m\+2和 79.66g/m2 (湿重 ) ;围垦 2 a且潮水不能进入的潮滩 ,底栖动物生物量大大降低 ,降到 3 .0 2 g/m2 (湿重 ) ;3围垦时间短且仍受潮水影响的潮滩与未围垦的自然潮滩相比 ,其底栖动物多样性降低不明显 ;围垦时间长且潮水不能进入的潮滩 ,底栖动物多样性明显降低 ,反映了围垦导致潮滩湿地生境退化 ;4围垦对底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响 ,是通过改变潮滩湿地生境中的多种环境因子造成的 ,如潮滩高程、水动力、沉积物特性、植被演替等 ,是各种因子?Based on the data collected from samplings on the benthic macro-invertebrate community in the natural and diked tidal flats in the south bank of the Changjiang Estuary,the composition of species,diversity,and community structure were analyzed.Major conclusions from this research are:1.After diking,species richness decreased in the tidal flat,and the composition of species also changed.The species number of Crustacea obviously decreased from 7 to 1,and that of Polychaeta decreased from 4 to 3 disappeared at last.The proportion of Mollusca and Insecta larva take up in the total composition of species obviously increased from 29.41%,5.89% to 50.00% and 25.00%,respectively;2.In the tidal flat which had been diked for 1 year and still influenced by tide,species richness of benthic macro-invertebrate decreased,but its density and biomass obviously increased from 132.10 ind./m+2,35.31 g/m+2(wet weight)to 218.22ind./m+2 and 79.66 g/m+2(wet weight),respectively.By contract,in the tidal flat which had been diked for 2 years and almostly not influenced by tide,biomass decreased greatly;3.Compared to natural tidal flat,in the tidal flat wich had been diked for short time and still influenced by tide,there is no obviously decrease for species diversity.In the tidal flat which had been diked for a long time and almostly not influenced by tide,the species diversity obviously decreased,which reflected degradation of wetland habitat in the tidal flat;4.The influence that diking tidal flat imposed on the benthic macro-invertebrate community structure and diversity was caused by changed environmental factors of the wetland habitat in the tidal flat ,such as the elevation,hydrodynamics,characteristics of sediment and succession of vegetation.

关 键 词：底栖动物群落 物种多样性 潮滩 围垦 长江口南岸 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]