1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸的数值模拟  

The simulation of tsunami happened in the Taiwan Strait in 1994

作　　者：于福江[1] 叶琳[1] 王喜年[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋学报》2001年第6期32-39,共8页

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目 ( 4 94 0 60 63 )

摘　　要：建立了一个地震海啸数值模式 ,模式包含越洋海啸传播部分和近岸海啸变形部分 ,在越洋海啸传播部分中采用线性浅水方程 ,使用蛙跃格式求解 ,并且选择合适的空间步长与时间步长 ,使差分格式中产生的数值频散与包辛尼斯克方程中的物理频散一致 ,这样在不影响海啸数值计算精度的前提下 ,节省了计算机的机时与内存 .在近岸海啸变形部分的计算中 ,考虑了非线性对流项与海底摩擦项 .同时该模式采用了多重网格嵌套技术 ,提高了所关心地区的计算精度 .利用这个地震海啸模式模拟了 1 994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸 ,结果与观测记录较吻合 .这个模型已用于我国沿海核电站可能最大地震海啸的数值计算 .In this paper, a tsunami numerical model is built. In computing the transoceanic tsunami propagation, the linear shallow-water equations are solved with leap-frog finite difference. Grid size and time step are selected in such a way that the numerical dispersion introduced by the leap-frog method is nearly the same as the frequency dispersion in Boussinesq equations. Therefore, computation time and memory are saved in the condition of not reducing the precision of tsunami computation. In the coastal transformation computation, the energy dissipation due to sea-bottom friction is included. In this model, a nested multiple grid system is developed to improve the resolution of important regions. The tsunami happened in the Taiwan Strait in 1994 is simulated by using this model. The simulation results agree with the observed ones. The model has been used to calculate the probable maximum tsunami (PMT) of the Fujian Hui'an Nuclear Power Plant.

关 键 词：地震海啸 海啸灾害 数值模拟 1994年 计算机 台湾海峡 

分 类 号：P731.36[天文地球—海洋科学]