沉积有机质激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针分析技术的尝试及其前景探讨  

Approach on in situ laser micropyrolysis GC-MS analysis of sedimentary organic matter and its prospects

作　　者：钟宁宁[1] PaulGreenwood 

机构地区：[1]石油大学(北京)教育部石油天然气成藏机理重点实验室,北京昌平102200 [2]CSIRODivisionofPetroleumResources,POBox136,NorthRyde

出　　处：《地球化学》2001年第6期605-611,共7页Geochimica

基　　金：国家留学基金资助项目(97515003)

摘　　要：激光热裂解-色谱-质谱分析方法具有从技术层面上融合分子地球化学方法和有机岩石学方法的潜能。通过抚顺煤镜质组分和树脂体的研究实例,介绍了激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针分析的的基本原理及测试方法。抚顺煤显微组分的微区热裂解产物特征中,镜质组和树脂体热解产物的正烷烃、烷基萘和四氢化萘的总体面貌相似,但树脂体中正烷烃含量较低,而烷基四氢化萘明显较高,这可能反映显微组分形成过程中发生过低分子烃类在各显微组分之间的混合作用。除此之外,还把激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针技术与传统的分子地球化学方法、有机岩石学方法进行比较。探讨了激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针技术的应用前景以及尚待解决的技术问题。落射到样品表面的激光束能量(温度)的控制和激光辐射时间的确定,激光束斑大小、热解产物量、色谱-质谱检测灵敏度极限三者的关系等,都是限制新技术应用的技术问题。Technically, laser micropyrolysis GC MS possess a potential of assembling both molecular geochemical and organic petrological techniques. With a case study of resinite and vitrinite macerals from Fushun coal, the principle and analytical method of laser PY GC MS are carefully described. The pyrolysisdistributions from both resinite and vitrinite macerals of Fushun coal are qualitatively similar, with the pattern of n alkanes signatures and alkylnaphthalenes and alkyltetralins dominating each analysis. In contrast to vitrinite macerals, however, relatively smaller amounts of n alkanes and a considerably largerproportion of alkyltetralins were detected in the resinite. The qualitative similarity of the pyrolysis distributions suggests that the macerals within the coal were likely exposed to extensive assimilation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons. In addition to the analysis, in situ laser micropyrolysis GC MS is compared with conventional molecular geochemical and organic petrological techniques.The prospects for application and some unsolved technical problems of the noveltechnique are also dealt with. The technical limitation to the extensive application of the novel technique is mostly involved with the factors such as determination of power and irradiation time which a sample surface is exposed to laser beam, the relationship among beam spot size, product of pyrolysis and sensitivity of GC MS.

关 键 词：激光热裂解 色谱-质谱分析 煤成烃 初次运移 显微组分烃类同化作用 成烃机理 石油地球化学 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学]