农村地区空气污染人群暴露评价研究  

Study on Assessment for Exposure to Air Pollution in Rural Areas

作　　者：潘小川[1] 董兆举[2] 金晓滨[1] 王滨燕[2] 王黎华[1] 徐希平[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,100083 [2]北京大学医学部生态遗传与生殖卫生研究中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2001年第6期323-325,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的了解我国农村欠发达地区空气污染的状况及农村人群对空气污染的实际暴露水平。方法选择安庆市所属两个县18个乡镇的189个家庭,对其室内、外空气污染水平进行环境监测 ,同时对上述家庭中年龄在15～65岁之间的488名调查对象进行入户问卷调查。结果被调查地区存在严重的室内外空气污染 ,污染物以可吸入颗粒物PM10 为主 ,厨房、卧室、庭院、田间分别为(518±27)μg/m3,(340±9)μg/m3,(287±9)μg/m3,(270±10)μg/m3,室内污染水平显著高于室外 (P<0.01) ;SO2 和CO的污染水平较低 (P>0.05)。结合个体暴露时间和环境暴露浓度对个体的综合空气污染暴露进行综合评价的结果显示 ,该地区农村居民冬季对PM10 的实际暴露水平明显高于国家卫生标准 ,而其室内外空气污染主要来源是由于做饭和取暖的燃料燃烧引起。结论该地区农村室内空气污染严重 ,污染物以PM10Objective To evaluate the levels and characters of indoor and outdoor air pollution in rural areas of China.Methods The indoor and outdoor air pollution levels of selected 189 houses from 18 towns of rural areas were monitored . In Anqing city of Anhui province,face_to_face investigation for 488 subjects aged from 15 ～ 65 yr. living in these houses with a questionnaire (including time_activity data)were conducted.Results The PM10 levels(μg/m3)of indoor and outdoor air were 518±27(kitchen),340±9(bedroom),287±9(yard),270±10(field) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in outdoor air(P<0.01). But the SO2 and CO concentrations were rather lower(P<0.05).The comprehensive evaluation which combined the personal exposure time with exposure levels suggested that actually personal exposure to PM10 for the subjects was much higher over the national hygienic standard of China, and the main cause of the indoor and outdoor air pollution in the rural areas might come from combustion of fuel in cooking and heating. Conclusion There was serious indoor air pollution in the investigated rural area and the main pollutant in the area was PM10.

关 键 词：空气污染 可吸入颗粒物 暴露评价 农村地区 人群 污染物 空气评价 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]