固定化反硝化菌去除水中硝酸盐氮的研究  

Study on Removal of Nitrate From Drinking Water by Immobilized Denitrifying Bacteria.

作　　者：谭佑铭[1] 罗启芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院环境医学研究所,武汉430030

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2001年第6期371-373,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (39870664)

摘　　要：目的研究固定化反硝化菌的反硝化特性及影响因素。方法将活性污泥置上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)反应器中驯化培养后 ,反硝化细菌数量增加约60倍 ,反硝化能力有较大提高。驯化污泥采用聚乙烯醇 (PVA)作为包埋载体 ,添加适量活性炭粉末及海藻酸钠包埋固定后 ,做成固定化小球 ,用于处理不同条件下含一定浓度硝酸盐氮的水样。结果固定化细菌能利用外加有机物 (甲醇 )作为碳源进行反硝化作用 ,脱氮率与碳源的量有关。在一定范围内随着碳源量的增加 ,反硝化作用的启动及平均反硝化速率加快。当水样温度及pH值分别在5～35℃及6.0～9.0之间变化时 ,固定化反硝化菌能保持较高的活性 ,6h内脱氮率达到90 %。当碳氮比 (C/N )为3.5 ,水力停留时间 (HRT )为4h时 ,脱氮率可达95.9 %。结论当外加有机碳源充足时 ,固定化反硝化菌能有效去除水中的硝酸盐氮 。Objective To study the character and affacting factors of denitrification of immobilized denitrifying bacteria. Methods Denitrifying bacteria were cultured in a pilot scale upstream anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with brewery waste degrading sludge as seed. The count of cultured denifrifying bacteria increased 60 times, and denitrification efficiency were improved also. Immobilized bacteria technology was employed with polyvinyl alcohol as entrapment agent which was mixed with activated carbon and sodium alginate and made as immobilized small ball bodies for treating water samples with different concentrations of nitrate under various treatment conditions. Activated carbon and sodium alginate were added as adsorbent and cross_linking reagent respectively, which could improve the mechanical strength of immobilized bacteria. Results Nitrate could be removed effectively by immobilized bacteria at the present of methanol as added organic carbon. The denitrification efficiency and velocity had something to do with added organic carbon. To a certain extent, the denitrification sped up as the organic carbon increased. The immobilized cells performed high activity when water temperature and pH value changed from 5 ℃～35 ℃ and 6.0～9.0 respectively, and the denitrification effciency could reach 90% within 6h. When C/N=3.5, hydraulic retention time (HRT)=4 h, the denitrification efficiency is 95.9%. Conclusion The immobilized denitrifying bacteria could be employed to remove nitrate from drinking water with high performance at the present of adequate organic carbon. It also had a strong resistance to water temperature and pH value changing.

关 键 词：硝酸盐 固定化细菌 反硝化 聚乙烯醇 水污染 水处理 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]