1950～1999年立陶宛水质控制、监测及废水处理  

Water-Quality Control, Monitoring and Wastewater Treatment in Lithuania 1950 to 1999

作　　者：Anolda Cetkauskaite Dimitry Zarkov Liutauras Stoskus 林宝法 

机构地区：[1]维尔纽斯大学生物化学和生物物理学系 [2]考纳斯理工大学环境工程学院 [3]维尔纽斯大学自然科学学院植物学与遗学学系

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2001年第4期297-305,共9页

摘　　要：立陶宛的水管理系统是根据1950～1990年期间苏联的规章建立起来的。地表水质量监测始于50年代,60年代水管理系统得到改进。今天,利用70个参数对48条河流进行监测。对排放物的法定监测工作开始于1962年,废水标准于1957年,1966年公布,然后于1996年修订。废水处理设备先是在农村、50年代后在工厂,后来在城镇建成。1991年以来,已借助于国外的援助建起了大容量城市处理厂。1970年后,一些河流的水质得到了改善,但是立陶宛的主要河流涅曼河仍处于中度污染状态。涅曼河下游尤其受到来自苏维埃茨克和涅曼(俄罗斯)城市废水和工业废水排放的影响,这一废水占总负荷的一半。1994～1998年的水生生物资料表明了库罗尼安(Curonian)泻湖的富营养化以及波罗的海克莱佩达以北水域的细菌污染和蓝绿藻赤潮现象。The Lithuanian water-management system developed on the basis of Soviet regulations in 1950-1990. Surface-water quality monitoring started in the 1950s, and the .system was improved in the 1960s, Today, 48 rivers are being monitored using up to 70 parameters. Statutory monitoring of discharges started in 1962, wastewater standards were issued in 1957 and 1966, and then revised in 1996. Wastewater-treatment plants were built first in rural areas, in factories since the 1950s, and later in towns. Since 1991, large capacity municipal plants have been constructed with foreign assistance. Water quality has improved in some rivers since 1970, but Lithuania's main river, Nemunas, remains moderately polluted, The lower Nomuras is especially affected by discharges of municipal and industrial wastcwaler from Sovietsk and Neman (Russia), which account for half of the total loading. Hydrobiological data of 1994-1998 indicated the eutro-phication of the Curonian Lagoon, and bacteriological pollution and blue-green algae blooms in the Baltic Sea north ol Klaipeda.

关 键 词：1950-1999年 立陶宛 水质控制 水质监测 废水处理 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程]