包气带油污土层生物修复现场控制性因素的评价  

Evaluation of the in-situ limiting factors of the bioremediation of the oily soil in the vadose zone

作　　者：邵辉煌[1] 李广贺[1] 章卫华[1] 张旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2001年第6期519-522,共4页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(49972082)

摘　　要：包气带油污土层的生物修复涉及到石油降解微生物、石油污染物的可生物降解性和土壤环境三个方面.本文通过最或然计数法(MPN)、原油族组分柱层析分析方法和色质联机分析等实验手段,研究了淄河滩包气带油污土层的水力学特性、氮磷营养元素、微生物和石油污染物.结果表明,长期受石油污染的土层含有丰富的微生物,其中大部分具有降解石油烃的能力,且土层的渗透性极强,有利于开展油污土层的生物修复.同时,长期的挥发、淋失和转化造成土层中石油污染物主要由高分子、高沸点烃类组成,且油污土层的速效氮、速效磷含量太低,直接增加了生物修复的难度,成为不利于生物修复的影响因素.Bioremediation of the oily soil in the vadose zone involves three aspects: the petrol-degrading microorganisms, the biodegradability of the petrol pollutants and the environment of the soil. In this paper, hydraulic characters of the oily soil, the nutrient element, the local microbes and the petrol pollutants were studied by means of a series of the methods such as the MPN, the column chromatogram of crude oil, and the CG/MS. The results showed that in the long-time oily soils, the microbes were fairly abundant and most of them could degrade the petrol hydrocarbons. In addition, the soils had high penetrability, which was favorable for the bioremediation of the oily soils. Meanwhile due to long-time volatilization, eluviation and transformation, most of the petrol pollutants were hydrocarbons with macromolecule and high boiling point; and the contents of the efficient nitrogen and phosphorus were very low, which made thebioremediation more difficult and became influence factors adverse to the bioremediation.

关 键 词：包气带 油污土层 生物修复 现场控制性因素 评价 土壤污染 炼油厂 

分 类 号：X742[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X703.1