西藏玉米生物生产力及其光能利用率特征  

CHARACTERISTICS OF BIO-PRODUCTIVITY AND SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF CORN IN TIBET

作　　者：成升魁[1] 张宪洲[1] 许毓英[1] 钟志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2001年第5期58-61,共4页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"西藏玉米生态生理研究"(395 70 135 );国家"95"攀登项目暨中科院"95"重大项目 (KZ95 1-A1-2 0 4-0 5 )

摘　　要：利用实测资料 ,对高原玉米田的干物质累积及太阳能利用率特征等进行了探讨 ,结果表明 :①高原玉米干物质累积量可高达 2 5t hm2 ～ 30t hm2 :其中露地玉米干物质积累量为 2 5t hm2 ,地膜玉米干物质累积量可达 30t hm2 ,比露地玉米高 1 5%左右 ;②地膜玉米鲜重也明显高于露地玉米 ,最终鲜重可达 90t hm2 ,比露地玉米高 5%左右 ;③西藏玉米干物质累积量比内地平原地区玉米干物质积累量高 2 0 %～ 33% ;④高原露地玉米田的最大太阳能利用率出现在灌浆期 ,可达 3 5% ,拔节到成熟期的平均太阳能利用率为1 8% ;⑤高原露地玉米田和高原冬小麦田的平均太阳能利用率没有明显差别 ;⑥从西藏玉米资源开发前景看 ,在青藏高源海拔 370 0m以下的广大农牧区 ,发展地膜籽粒玉米和露地青贮玉米具有不可替代的优势 。Based on experimental data, this paper discusses the characteristics of bio productivity and utilization efficiency of solar energy of corn on Tibetan Plateau. Result indicated that total biomass of corn in Tibet is about 25t/hm2～30t/hm2, which is 20%～30% more than that of the plain area. It also indicated that the total amount of biomass and the fresh biomass of corn in the plastic canopy covered field are higher than that uncovered. According to this result, the highest utilization efficiency of solar energy of corn which is about 3.5% appears in the period of grouting, and the average efficiency of solar energy from the period of pulling to harvesting of corn is about 1.8% which seems no apparent difference from that of winter wheat exists in Tibetan Plateau. It is believed that developing gorage corn is the best way to make use of its absolute advantage in Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：青藏高原 玉米 生产力 光能利用率 西藏 生物生产力 特征 日照 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S161.1