稻田CH_4排放及控制技术的研究(英文)  

Methane Emission from Irrigated Rice Fields and Its Control

作　　者：王增远[1] 徐雨昌[1] 李震[1] 过益先[1] R Wassmann H U Neue R S Lantin L V Buendia 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,北京100081 [2]菲律宾国际水稻研究所

出　　处：《作物学报》2001年第6期757-768,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：The research described in this paper was funded by the U NDP- Global Environm ent Facility GL O/ 91/ G31underagreem ent with the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) and the Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation;Chinese Academy of Agricu

摘　　要：为了探索北方稻田水管理、施肥和水稻品种对稻田甲烷排放的影响 ,于 1995年至 1998年应用全自动甲烷采样 -测定系统 ,测定了水稻田甲烷排放通量。实验探明 :北方稻田甲烷排放通量为 4～364mg/m2 .d,平均值为 82 mg/m2 .d;稻田甲烷的季节排放只有一个高峰 ,发生在水稻分蘖期 ,该期的甲烷排放量占年排放总量的 85 %以上 ,水稻生长中、后期的稻田甲烷非常有限。水管理对稻田甲烷的生成、排放有显著的影响 ,稻田采用间歇灌溉代替常规灌溉和淹灌 ,可减排稻田甲烷 4 6%～ 5 9% ;稻田施用有机肥 ,甲烷排放量则剧增。但在同等有机碳含量情况下 ,不同有机肥的产甲烷潜势存在明显差异 ,猪粪和稻草较高 ,堆肥和牛粪较低 ,稻田施用堆肥和牛粪 ,可比施用猪粪和稻草的稻田减排稻田甲烷 72 %～ 90 % ;试验中选用的水稻品种 ,以中作 93的甲烷排放效率为最低 ,其甲烷排放通量比杂交稻京优和高秆品种中花 94 - 10 17减少 5 0 %～ 5 5 %。实验揭示 ,水稻分蘖期是控制北方稻田甲烷排放的关键时期 。Methane emission from irrigated rice fields as affected by water ma nagement, organic amendment and rice cultivar was measured using an automatic sa mpling measuring system with a closed chamber method in 1995~1998. The results s howed that methane emission from irrigated rice fields in North China ranged fro m 4 to 364 mg m -2 day -1 , with average emission of 82 mg m -2 da y -1 . Only one meth ane emission peak was observed during the whole rice season. Seasonal maximum oc curred at tillering stage. Methane emission at this stage accounted for 85% of t he annual methane emission rate. Methane emission was very limited from mid seas on field drying until harvest. Field drying at early and midseason stage had a s trong effect on methane emission. Intermittent irrigation reduced methane emissi on by 46% and 59% as compared to local farmer′s practice of irrigation and cont i nuous flooding, respectively. Application of organic amendments highly increased methane emission. However, on the same carbon basis, methane emission potential varied highly among different organic amendments. Methane production potentials of cattle manure and compost were much lower than those of pig manure and rice straw. Application of cattle manure and compost reduced methane emission by 86% and 90% respectively, as compared to pig manure; and the same treatments reduced methane emission by 7 2% and 80% respectively, as compared to rice straw. Rice cultivars were efficien t for reducing methane emission. Use of cultivar Zhongzhuo 93 (modern japonica ) reduced methane emission by 55% and 50% respectively, as compared to Jingyou ( ja ponica hybrid) and Zhonghua 94-1017 (tall japonica) . Generally, methane em ission affected by the organic amendments under different water regimes was much poten t than the effect of rice cultivar. It was also shown that mitigation options pr acticed at early growth stage were more effective than those practiced at late s tage. These findings provide a better mitigation s

关 键 词：甲烷排放通量 水稻田 水管理 水稻品种 有机肥 

分 类 号：S511.05[农业科学—作物学]