昆虫寄生对辽东栎种子命运的影响  

Insect infestation and acorn fate in Quercus liaotungensis

作　　者：于晓东[1] 周红章[1] 罗天宏[1] 何君舰[1] 张知彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2001年第4期518-524,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部国家重点基础发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 46 80 1);国家自然科学基金重大项目 (3989336 0 )资助

摘　　要：报道了昆虫寄生对辽东栎Quercusliaotungensis种子命运的影响。结果表明 :(1)被昆虫寄生的种子发芽率明显低于正常成熟的种子 ,被昆虫寄生的种子或者不能发芽 ,或者能发芽但随后死亡 ;(2 )从虫卵到老龄幼虫的发育在橡实内完成 ,当橡实落地后幼虫破壳而出 ,整个种子库的幼虫破壳时间延续 2～ 5 0天 ,并非高度同步化 ;种子库的虫寄生率高达 4 5 4 %,以柞栎象Curculiodentipes为主 ,还有少量其它种类 ,如另一种象虫Curculiosp .、栗白小卷蛾Cydiakurokoi和螟蛾科(Pyralidae)的一未定名种 ;(3)昆虫寄生影响橡实成熟 ,测量种子大小分布表明 ,被昆虫寄生的种子的大小分布介于未成熟和成熟种子之间 ;(4)象虫寄生取食引起 16 0 5 %的种子能量损失 ,显著低于对照组。结果证明昆虫寄生对辽东栎种子的命运有重要影响 ,是影响辽东栎种群更新的关键因素之一。Insect infestation and its effects on acorn fate in Quercus liaotungensis was studied in Beijing in 1998～1999. The results showed that insect infestation influenced strongly acorn germination rate: insect-infested acorns exhibited a lower germination rate than that of noninfested ones. The infested acorns could not germinate or died eventually after germination. Seed parasitoids, two weevils, Curculio dentipes and Curculio sp., a tortricid moth, Cydia kurokoi, and an unnamed pyralid moth, developed within acorns from eggs to advanced larvae. These larvae penetrated the hard seed wall and came to hibernate under ground after acorns fell down. Of all acorns within a population, the penetrating time was not synchronized and ranged from 2 to 50 days. The infested rate of acorns was as high as 45 41%. Insect parasitism was shown to have an influence on acorn growth and development: the size-pattern of infested acorns was between that of noninfested mature ones and that of immature ones; infested acorns lost 16 05% of their fresh weight compared to those that developed normally. Based on this study, it is concluded that insect infestation decided to a great deal the fate of Quercus liaotungensis acorns and would strongly influence its regeneration.

关 键 词：辽东栎 种子成熟 昆虫寄生 柞栎象 栗白小卷蛾 种子发芽率 

分 类 号：S763.721.8[农业科学—森林保护学]