用动态模型研究森林群落中物种间的竞争  

Simulation competition between trees of two species by using forest dynamics model

作　　者：桑卫国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第11期1802-1807,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程 (KZCX1 -1 0 -0 5 ;KSCX2 -1 -0 7);国家自然科学重大基金 (4 95 71 0 3 0 )资助项目

摘　　要：研究了以过程为基础的模型在物种竞争试验模拟及实践中的应用。应用森林动态林窗模型模拟了群落内物种竞争规律。结果表明 :同一群落中具有不同生物、生态学特征的物种竞争过程与环境条件有密切关系。由此确定 ,竞争是与外部条件密切相关的 ,不是一个单独衡量物种特征的指标 ;具有相似生物和生态学特性的物种 ,在森林植被发育过程中 ,存在绝对竞争 ,具有较弱更新与生长能力的物种 ,始终处于竞争劣势 ,不宜于在这样的群落中生长 。Botkin et al developed a individual tree based model of forest dynamics by using the methods of forest growth and yield model, depending on gap theory of forest dynamics. This type of model called Gap Model was widely used in many different forest types world wide, such as boreal forest, warm temperate deciduous broad leaved forest, subtropical forest and tropical forest. Gap Model can be used as tool to probe into theory of forest dynamics in landscape and regional area on long term forest development, and have gained more notable results. Usually Gap Model was used to research long term dynamics process of natural forest on constant environment or varied environment conditions. It is rarefied to use this kind of model to study competition between species. This research will expand the application of Gap model to solve new ecological problems. which is a pretty new way to apply it to other ecological theory such as competition theory etc .\; This research focused on the process of tree species competitions in northeast China, Heilongjiang Province, by using Gap Model. I chose two tree species Acer mono and Betula platphylla as simulated species in forest community. Acer mono and Betula platphylla are two common species in mountain area of northeast China.distribute in warm temperate conifer broad leaved mixed forest in North China and deciduous broad leaved forest in northeast China. Acer mono is middle shade tolerant species and likes to live in moist fertilized soil. Betula platphylla is shade intolerant species, likes light and cool climate, lives in slow slope and flat terrain, and can grow the fastest in middle soil water site. As we observed, it is unusual that both species occur at the same stand at real forests. The phenomena show that both tree species are exclusive each other, that I explained from the point of view of competition theory. \; Forest dynamics Gap Model consists of two parts, one is tree growth; another environment.In this study,we focused on

关 键 词：演替 森林群落 物种竞争 动态模型 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]