生态系统综合评价的内容与方法  

The contents and methods of integrated ecosystem assessment (IEA)

作　　者：傅伯杰[1] 刘世梁[1] 马克明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态开放研究室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第11期1885-1892,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目 (KZCX2 -4 0 5 );国家重点基础研究发展规划 (G2 0 0 0 0 0 4 680 7)资助项目

摘　　要：生态系统综合评价是系统分析生态系统的生产及服务能力 ,对生态系统进行健康诊断 ,做出综合的生态分析和经济分析 ,评价其当前状态 ,并预测生态系统今后的发展趋势 ,为生态系统管理提供科学依据。从总体上讲 ,综合评价更强调生态系统一系列产品与服务功能之间的权衡 ,具有很强的实践意义。许多学者对不同的生态系统服务功能进行了经济价值评估 ,但缺乏对生态系统的产品、服务、健康与管理之间关系的进一步探讨。对生态系统服务功能评价、健康评价和生态管理与预测进行了系统论述 ,目的是提出生态系统综合评价的框架 。Ecosystems provide many kinds of products and services to human society. However, we still know less about current conditions of ecosystem and their future trends though they have been greatly altered by us in the past centuries. It is urgent to make an integrated ecosystem assessment in supporting decision making for ecosystem management to realize sustainable development. The conceptual framework and assessment procedures of integrated ecosystem assessment were developed in this paper. Integrated ecosystem assessment (IEA) is the basis for ecosystem management, which mainly includes the analysis of important goods and services of ecosystem, the diagnosis of ecosystem health, the prediction of future trends of ecosystem, as well as the relevant economical and social analysis. Integrated ecosystem assessment should also be carried out from a point of view of broad temporal and spatial scales, because long term ecological processes often exist in the 'invisible present' and ecosystems interact with each other at different scales, which is also a challenge in the establishment of assessment indexes. \;The services of ecosystem are critical to the functioning of the earth's life support system. However, they have not been paid much attention in policy decision because they are not fully accepted in commercial market or not adequately in terms of comparable with economic service and manufactured capital. Actually, they are useful in estimating the 'incremental' or 'marginal' value of ecosystem service. Ecosystem services can be catalogued into four levels according to their functions, and can be evaluated by using five methods. They are, (1) direct market value method, (2) indirect market value method, (3) conditional estimation value method, (4) production/cost method, and (5) actual market influence estimation value method. Actually, integrated ecosystem assessment is of practical importance mainly because it focuses much more on the trade offs among various goods and services, which is also the task of ecosys

关 键 词：生态系统 综合评价 生态系统服务 生态系统健康 生态系统管理 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]