野生动物的价值与生态服务功能  

Values and ecological service functions of wildlife

作　　者：蒋志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第11期1909-1917,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4 680 5 );中国科学院知识创新工程;"九五"重大项目 (编号 :KSCX2 -1 -0 3 ;KZ-95 A1 -1 0 5 ;C2 9990 82 );国家杰出青年科学基金 (No.3 972 5 0 0 5 )资助项目

摘　　要：野生动物是生态系统中活跃的、引人注目的组成部分。野生动物作为生物多样性的一部分 ,具有内禀价值和利用价值。同时 ,野生动物的价值也取决于人们的视角 ,即人们自身的利益。野生动物服务功能的实现离不开自然生态系统。在人类文明的早期 ,人类利用野生动物果腹御寒。那时 ,人们利用的是野生动物的直接价值。现代 ,野生动物的直接价值下降 ,野生动物的间接价值 ,如生态价值、文化价值却在上升。野生动物能够提供巨大的生态系统服务功能。 1 996年 ,美国人与野生动物直接有关的消费达 1 0 1 2亿美元 ,相当于中国国民总产值的 1 0 %以上。在东部和南部非洲 ,野生动物观光也是一项重要的产业。这种生态服务功能带动了第三产业的发展 ,直接推动了地区性的国民经济发展。有效的野生动物资源管理离不开控制野生动物的数量。以野生动物产业的收入养野生动物是美国野生动物保护的特色。中国的野生动物正处于利用过度期。中国野生动物提供的服务功能比美国的野生动物少得多。近年来 ,中国开展了野生动物战利品狩猎。中国对野生动物战利品狩猎的种类制定了限额 ,实行了严格的管理措施 ,以保证战利品狩猎不会影响种群的增长。事实证明有限额的战利品狩猎能促进野生动物的饿保护。当前 ,我国的野生动物管理应将保?Wildlife is an active and appealing component in ecosystems. As a part of biodiversity, the wildlife has both intrinsic and utility values. However, the value of wildlife also depends on the viewpoint of human being, of which the economic interests of human make a great weight. The realization of the ecological service function of wildlife cannot be separated from the natural ecosystems. \;In the early stage of human civilization, people used the wildlife as foods and as cloths, wildlife was exploited as natural resource. In modern society, the importance of the direct value of wildlife is decreasing whereas the indirect values of wildlife such as ecological value, cultural value of wildlife are mounting. Wildlife can provide us with numerous ecological service values. For example, the consumption of wildlife service was as high as 101\^2 billion U.S. dollars in the United States of America in 1996, which was equivalent to about 10% of the GDP of China. The ecological service functions of wildlife push forward the development of the third industry and the regional economy in many countries. Effective management of wildlife should control the population density of wildlife. Thus, hunting is introduced as both a sport as well as a mean of regulating the game species populations. The wildlife management in the United States of America is characterized by using the funds generated from the wildlife related industries to manage the wildlife. \;Aimed at the sustainable using of wildlife resources, as well as generating revenue for local conservation, since later 1980's, China set up hunting grounds for foreign trophy hunters. Those trophy hunting are managed by the central wildlife management authority and local wildlife management authority. For examples, three international hunting grounds were created in the Gansu Province. Another three were created in Xingjiang. The Dunan International Hunting Ground is the first hunting ground in the Qinghai Province. Overall, the wildlife in China is overexploited. Now, only som

关 键 词：野生动物 生态系统服务功能 狩猎 生态旅游 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] S862[农业科学—野生动物驯养]