德兴铜矿矿山废弃地植被恢复与重建研究  

A study on re-vegetation in mining wasteland of Dexing Copper Mine,China

作　　者：杨修[1] 高林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业气象研究所,北京100081 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2001年第11期1932-1940,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关课题 (96-92 0 -1 3 -0 3 )资助项目

摘　　要：对德兴铜矿 1号尾矿库库面纯尾砂立地植被恢复与重建进行了研究。结果表明 :纯尾砂植被恢复与重建的主要障碍是土壤因子 ,即土壤组成、结构、水分、养分和毒性。矿区自然植被的次生演替序列为 :次生裸地→草丛→灌丛→针叶林→常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林→常绿阔叶林 6个阶段。纯尾砂立地 1 3种试验先锋草种的优劣势比较结果依次顺序为 :水蜡烛 1 .0 6>假俭草 1 .0 5 >苇状羊茅 1 .0 1 >芒草 1 .0 0 =弯叶画眉草 1 .0 0 >狗牙根 0 .98=百喜草 0 .98=香根草 0 .98>象草 0 .87>荩草 0 .85 >矮象草 0 .76>节节草 0 .73 >苏丹草 0 .5 5。水蜡烛、假俭草、苇状羊茅、芒草、弯叶画眉草、狗牙根、百喜草、香根草、象草、荩草、矮象草、节节草被认为是纯尾砂植被恢复与重建的优良先锋草种。纯尾砂立地植被恢复与重建的途径主要包括植被恢复演替、土壤生物改良和客土复垦Re\|vegetation in mining wasteland is a principal part of the eco\|environment construction,and an important guarantee of sustainable development in mining areas.This research took the re\|vegetation of No.1 tailing dam in Dexing Copper Mine as an example.Through the analysis of the site environmental condition and the survey of natural vegetation types in the area,the selection of suitable pioneer plant species,and the experiments of artificial re\|vegetation in the tailing sand,the following preliminary results had been achieved:The main obstacle of re\|vegetation in the site was the soil condition,i.e.,soil composition,structure,water content,nutrients and toxicity.The secondary succession sequence of the vegetation in the mining area essentially experienced 6 phases: sub\|secondary bare ground→tussock→shrubbery→coniferous forest→evergreen and deciduous broad\|leaved mixed forest, coniferous and broad\|leaved mixed forest→evergreen broad\|leaved forest. The climatic community is evergreen broad\|leaved forest. The priority degrees of the experimental grass species followed the sequence: Typha angustifolia 1\^06>Eremochlon ophiuroides 1\^05>Testuca arundinacea 1\^01>Miscanthus sinensis 1\^00=Eragrostis curvula 1\^00>Cynodon dactylon 0\^98=Paspalum notatum 0\^98=Vetiveria zizanioides 0\^98>Pennisetum purpereum, Equisetum ramosissimum 0\^87> Arthraxon hispidus 0\^85>Pennisetum sp. 0\^76>Equisetum ramosissimum 0\^73>Sorghum sudanense 0\^55. Typha angustifolia, Eremochlon ophiuroides, Testuca arundinacea, Miscanthus sinensis, Eragrostis curvula, Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum notatum, Vetiveria zizanioides, Pennisetum purpereum, Arthraxon hispidus, Pennisetum sp. Equisetum ramosissimum are the suitable pioneer plant species for re\|vegetation in the site type of pure tailing sand. There are 3 basic models for re\|vegetation in the site type, i.e. vegetation restoration succession model, biological soil\|improving model and guest soil reclamation model.

关 键 词：德兴铜矿 纯尾砂 植被恢复 先锋草种 演替 矿山废弃地 复垦 植被重建 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]