啮小蜂寄主接受行为的研究  

HOST ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOR OF TETRASTICHUS SP

作　　者：邱鸿贵[1] 邱中良[1] 沈伯钧[1] 符文俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物生理生态研究所,上海200025

出　　处：《昆虫天敌》2001年第3期97-108,共12页Natural Enemies of Insects

基　　金：国家重点基金项目(39930030)

摘　　要：啮小蜂Ｔｅｔｒａｓｔｉｃｈｕｓ　ｓｐ．是一种群聚性蛹的内寄生蜂，主要寄生于茶长卷叶蛾的蛹。在实验室中，它还能寄生蓖麻蚕、粘虫、亚洲玉米螟、棉褐带卷蛾和家蝇等寄主蛹。在小环境中，啮小蜂雌蜂搜寻大蛹（粘虫）花费的时间要明显少于寻找小蛹（棉褐带卷蛾）所花费的时间。雌蜂多戮从寄主的腹部爬上蛹，其次为胸部和头部。８８％的雌蜂产卵管插入蛹的位置与上蛹的部位一致。蜂龄（２－６天龄）对雌蜂接受寄主的行为无明显影响。雌蜂对寄主蛹龄有一定的辨别能力，在第７天龄粘虫蛹中产的子蜂数明显减少，对第９天龄的粘虫蛹雌蜂虽作刺探，但未见寄生。随着寄主密度增加，平均每雌寄生的蛹数和产的子蜂数均相应增加，而寄主蛹的寄生率却逐渐下降。随着雌蜂密度增加，寄主蛹的寄生率和平均每头寄生蛹中的子蜂数相应提高，但平均每雌产的子蜂数则逐渐减少。雌蜂在寄生（平均１．７４±５．０５分．秒）和未寄生（平均２．９０±６．５０分．秒）寄主中产卵管插入的时间无明显差异，但在寄生（平均每蛹为１８２．２０± ８５．０６头）和未寄生（平均为８７．８０±６９．５０头）寄主中产的子蜂数则有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０２）。表明啮小蜂雌蜂对已寄生寄主蛹无明显的辩别能力。Tetrastichus sp. is a gregrarios pupal endoparasitoid. It parasitizes mainly on the tea leafroller (Homona magnanime) pupae. In the laboratory, it can also parasitize Philosamia cyn-thia ricini, Leucania separata (armyworm), the Asian Corn Borer ( Ostrinia furnacalis), Adoxo-phyes orana and house fly (Musca domestica) pupae. In the microhabitate, the female Tetrastichus sp. spent significantly less time when searching for big pupae ( L. separata ) than small pupae (A. orana ) The majority of female parasitoids climbs up to the pupa from the host abdomen. Some climbs up the thorax and head. 88% of the female wasp inserted their ovipositor at the same place climbed up the same position of the pupa. The age of the parasitoid (2-6 days old ) had no significant influence on the host acceptance behavior of the female parasitoid. The female parasitoid had certain discrimination ability on pupal age. The parasitoid laid significant less progeny in 7-days old pupae of L. separata. The female wasp made some probing on 9-days old L. separata, but no oviposition took place. With increased host density, there was an increase in the average number of pupae parasitized and the number of progeny per female. But there was a gradual decrease in pupal parasitization rate. With an increase in female parasitiod density, there was a corresponding increase in pupal parasitization rate and the average number of progeny per parasitized pupae. But there was a gradual decrease in the average number of progeny per female. There was no significant difference in time of ovipositor insertion between pupae parasitized (X=1. 74 ±0. 05m. sec) and unpar-asitized (X= 2. 90±6. 50 m. sec). There was a sigificant difference (P < 0. 02) in the number of progeny between parasitized (x/pupa =182. 20 ± 85. 06) and un-parasitized pupae (x/pupa = 87. 80 ±69. 5). This shows that in female Tetrastichus sp. , there were no significant discrimination ability in parasitized and unparasitized pupae.

关 键 词：啮小蜂 寄主接受行为 寄主接受因子 寄生蜂 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]