黄河三角洲沉积物重金属、氮和磷污染研究  

Study of the Heavy Metals, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contaminants in the Sediments of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：李任伟[1] 李禾[1] 李原[1] 张淑坤[2] 钱峥[3] 马在平[3] 姜在兴[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质及地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国地质科学院地质力学所,北京100081 [3]石油大学地质系,山东东营257062

出　　处：《沉积学报》2001年第4期622-629,共8页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (批准号 :49872 0 4 4 )

摘　　要：黄河三角洲河流、沼泽、潮坪环境主要为粉砂质沉积 ,重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Hg的含量范围分别为 0 .0 7～ 0 .30 μg/ g ,9.7～ 36 .3μg/g ,37.4～ 110 μg/g和 0 .0 1～ 0 .2 5 μg/g ,Cu、Ni、Cr和Mn的含量范围分别为 18.4～ 5 8.0 μg/g ,17.9～ 43.7μg/ g ,38.7～ 80 .7μg/ g和 42 3～ 980 μg/g。由于Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg的含量较低 ,Cu、Ni、Cr和Mn的含量与背景值无明显差别 ,黄河三角洲沉积可能未遭受明显的污染。黄河三角洲富粘土粒级的粉砂质沉积明显富集重金属。但若排除其影响 ,黄河口沉积物剖面从下至上Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg含量仍呈现上升趋势 ,反映出自八十年代以来黄河流域经济快速增长对环境的影响。黄河三角洲沉积物的总氮含量一般较低 (110～ 6 70 μg/ g) ,其中NH3 态氮的比例仅为 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 6。沉积物中总磷含量为 430～ 76 0 μg/ g ,主要为钙磷酸盐 ,以FePO4 和AlPO4 形式存在的磷的含量仅分别占 0 .0 0～ 0 .0 8和 0 .0 0～ 0 .0 3。因此 ,沉积物中的氮和磷不会对环境产生较严重的影响。The sediments of the Yellow River Delta, mainly, are silty. Contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, Ni, Cr and Mn in sediments are in a range of 0.07～0.30 μg/g, 9.7～36.3 μg/g, 37.4～110 μg/g, 0.01～0.25 μg/g, 18.4 ～58.0 μg/g, 17.9～43.7 μg/g, 38.7～80.7 μg/g and 423～980 μg/g, respectively. Due to the low concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg and the similar concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mn to the background values, the sediments of the Yellow River Delta would not be seriously suffered from contamination. The heavy metals are concentrated in the silty sediments rich in clay particles. If the sediments rich in clay particles are excluded in consideration, contents of Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg still show the increased trends upwards in the profile located in the river mouth, which implicates the impact of rapid economic growth of the Yellow River area since 1980' s on the delta environments. Generally, total N in sediments is low from 110 μg/g to 670 μg/g, and the ratios of N existing in the form of NH 3 to total N are only 0.01～0.06. The contents of total P in sediments range from 430 μg/g to 760 μg/g. It occurs mainly as calcium phosphates, and the ratios of P existing in the forms of FePO 4 and AlPO 4 to total P are only 0.00～0.08 and 0.00～0.03, respectively. Therefore, N and P in sediments can not produce serious impact on the environments.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 沉积物 重金属 氮 环境保护 磷污染 沉积环境 河流 湖泊 海洋 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]