白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂实验种群生命表的研究  

Experimental population life table of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang.

作　　者：焦懿[1] 赵苹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,昆明650216

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2001年第6期892-896,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：云南省应用基础基金资助项目 (95C1 1 0Q)

摘　　要：观察了温度对白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂 (MetaphycusericeriXuetJiang)存活和繁殖的影响 ,组建了 18℃、2 1℃、2 4℃、2 7℃、30℃和 33℃ 6种温度下的实验种群生命表 .白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的世代存活率为 2 4℃ >2 7℃ >30℃ >2 1℃ >33℃ >18℃ >15℃ .温度过高或过低对白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的存活和繁殖不利 .2 4℃和 2 7℃雌虫的怀卵量、产卵量和产卵百分率都显著高于其它温度处理 .以抛物线方程 y =a +bx +cx2 拟合世代存活率 (S)、种群趋势指数 (I)、净生殖率 (R0 )和内禀增长力 (rm) ,结果S、I、R0 和rm 均在 2 4～ 2 7℃之间取得最大值 ,说明2 4℃～ 2 7℃是白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂存活和繁殖的最适温区 .在 2 4℃、2 7℃和 30℃温度下 ,白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的种群趋势指数I >1,内禀增长力rm>0 ,种群数量逐代增加 ,种群加倍时间分别为 15、16和 2 3d .2 1℃时I≈ 1,rm≈ 0 ,种群数量基本保持不变 .18℃和 33℃时I <1,rm<0 ,种群数量出现负增长 .15℃雌蜂不产卵 ,不能繁殖后代 .The development,survival and fecundity of experimental population of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang were observed,and the life tables of the experimental population were constructed at 18,21,24,27,30 and 33℃.The generation survival rate of M.ericeri was in order of 24℃>27℃>30℃>21℃>33℃>18℃>15℃,indicating that excessively high or low temperature is unfavorable to the survival and fecundity,and that the ovum numbers,oviposition numbers and oviposition percentage of the female adult at 24℃ and 27℃ are higher than at other temperature.The relationship of temperature and the survival rate of generation (S),population trend index (I),net reproduction of population (R 0) and innate capacity of natural increase (r m) could be fitted by the parabola equation:y=a+bx+cx 2.S,I,R 0 and r m reached their peaks respectively in 24～27℃,suggesting that 24～27℃ is the most suitable temperature range of the development,survival and fecundity of M.ericeri.The population density increased gradually (I>1,r m>0),and the double time of population (t) was 15,16 and 23d respectively at 24,27 and 30℃.The population density kept stable (I≈1,r m≈0) at 21℃.The population increased negatively (I<1,r m<0) at 18℃ and 33℃,and M.ericeri could not reproduce its next generation at 15℃.

关 键 词：白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂 温度 实验种群 生命表 寄生蜂 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] Q969.54