黄土旱塬麦田生态系统能流特征及评价  

Study on the characteristics and evaluation of energy flow of wheat dryfarmland ecosystem on rainfed Loess Plateau highland

作　　者：徐炳成[1] 梁银丽[1] 黄占斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2001年第3期128-134,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点基础专题经费项目 ( G1 9990 1 1 7);中国科学院知识创新项目 ( KZCX1 -0 6-0 2 -0 1 )共同资助

摘　　要：根据长武试区 1 986年～ 1 995年连续 1 0年的统计资料并结合田间试验 ,对黄土旱塬典型农田生态系统——冬小麦农田系统能量的投入产出、流向、流量与转化效率进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明 ,能量平衡中人工辅助能的投入逐渐增加 ,化肥能投入比例逐渐超过有机肥能 ;该区农业已发展到无机—有机复合阶段 ,农业生产中机械化程度有所提高。通过统计分析 ,得出提高无机能的投入比例可提高能量的产投比 ,增加化肥能投入水平则可提高能量的总产出 ,指出应在机械化条件下实行秸秆还田和多途径增加有机肥投入 ,调整能量投入结构 ,提高能量转化效率 。Based on the statistical data?field experiments and farmland investigation at Changwu Agro ecological Experimental Station, the input and output?flow direction and volume?transforming efficiency of energy of the typical dry farmland ecosystem-winter wheat farmland ecosystem were systematically studied. Between the energy balance of input and output, the human supplemental energy input is increasing, the proportion of chemical fertilizer surpasses that of organic fertilizer gradually. According to these, the agriculture development in the area is on the inorganic-organic complex stage and the mechanization of agriculture has also been raised. Through statistically analyzing, the conclusions are obtained that raising the value of inorganic energy/orga nic energy can improve the ratio of output/input, increasing the energy input of chemical fertilizer can raise the total output of energy. On the basis of these, straws returned to farmland by mechanizing and increasing the input of manure by every possible ways should be taken and adjusting the input composition of energy to improve the energy use efficiency and solar energy use efficiency are proposed in agriculture development.

关 键 词：黄土高原 旱地麦田系统 能流 评价 特征 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学] S181